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. 2024 Jan 19;5:1243336. doi: 10.3389/fresc.2024.1243336

Table 3.

Gross motor (GM) units for each item on the GMFM.

Item Number Item Name Observed Difficulty Gross Motor (GM) units
*2 SUP: BRINGS HANDS TO MIDLINE 14.13 0
6 SUP: R HAND CROSSES MIDLINE 14.13 0
7 SUP: L HAND CROSSES MIDLINE 14.13 0
10 PR: LIFTS HEAD UPRIGHT 21.5 15
22 LIFTS HEAD TO MIDLINE 22.73 18
21 SIT: LIFTS HEAD UPRIGHT 22.73 18
23 SIT: ARMS PROPPING 26.45 26
18 SUP: PULLS TO SITTING 27.66 28
24 SIT: ARMS FREE 36.31 46
25 SIT: WITH TOY 36.31 46
34 SIT: ARMS & FEET FREE 36.31 46
27 SIT: REACH BEHIND TO L 36.31 46
26 SIT: REACH BEHIND TO R 36.31 46
39 4-POINT: MAINTAINS 4PT 37.54 49
30 SIT: LOWERS TO PRONE 39.94 54
52 ON FLOOR: PULL TO STAND AT BENCH 42.28 59
41 PRN: ATTAINS 4PT 42.38 59
40 4-POINT: ATTAINS SIT 42.38 59
32 SIT ON MAT: TO 4PT OVER L SIDE 42.38 59
53 STD: ARMS FREE, 3 SEC 42.46 59
56 STD: ARMS FREE 10 SEC 42.46 59
31 SIT ON MAT: TO 4PT OVER A SIDE 43.61 62
43 4-POINT: REACHES WITH L 44.82 64
42 4-POINT: REACHES WITH R 44.82 64
44 4-POINT: CRAWLS FORWARD 1.6m 46.03 67
45 4-POINT: CRAWLS RECPRCLLY 1.0m 46.03 67
46 4-POINT: CRAWL UP 4 STEPS 46.03 67
65 STD: CRUISE TO R WITH BENCH 48.35 72
66 STD: CRUISE TO L WITH BENCH 48.35 72
48 SIT ON MAT: ATTAIN HIGH KN ARMS FREE 48.47 72
36 ON FLOOR: ATTAINS SIT SMALL BENCH 49.7 74
37 ON FLOOR: ATTAINS SIT LARGE BENCH 49.7 74
67 STD: WALK WITH HANDS HELD 52.02 79
59 SIT BENCH: ATTAINS STD ARMS FREE 53.35 82
35 STD: ATTAINS SIT 54.56 84
62 STD: LOWERS TO SIT, ARMS FREE 54.56 84
51 HIGH KN: KN WALK FORWARD 55.73 87
61 HIGH KN: TO STAND L SIDE 55.77 87
60 HIGH KN: TO STAND A SIDE 55.77 87
68 STD 1 HAND HELD: WALK WITH 1 HAND HELD 56.95 89
54 STD: LIFT R FOOT 59.37 95
55 STD, LIFT L FOOT 59.37 95
63 STD: TO SQUAT, ARMS FREE 59.4 95
64 STD: PICK UP OBJ ARMS FREE 59.4 95
84 STD, HOLDING 1 RAIL: UP 4 STEPS 60.58 97
85 STD: DOWN 4 STEPS HLDING RAIL 61.79 100
* 69 STD: WALK, HANDS FREE 61.88 100
70 STD: WALK 10 STEPS, RETURN 64.3 105
72 STD: WALK WITH OBJECT HELD 64.3 105
57 STD: LIFT LFT ARMS FREE 64.3 105
58 STD: LIFT RFT ARMS FREE 64.3 105
71 STD: WALK BACKWARD 10 STEPS 64.3 105
73 STD: WALK BETWEEN LINES 64.3 105
75 STD: STEP OVER STICK, A FOOT 64.3 105
76 STD: STEP OVER STICK, L FOOT 64.3 105
74 STD: WALK ALONG STRAIGHT LINE 64.3 105
86 STD: UP 4 STEPS, NO RAIL 65.51 107
87 STD: DOWN 4 STEPS, NO RAIL Difficult 66.72 110
78 STD: KICK BALL, R FOOT 67.93 112
79 STD: KICK BALL, L FOOT 67.93 112
77 STD: RUN 4.5m, RETURN 70.37 118
80 STD: JUMP UP 30cm BOTH FEET 71.58 120
81 STD: JUMP FWD 30cm BOTH FEET 71.58 120
88 STD 6" STEP: JUMP OFF 15cm STP 2 FEET 71.58 120
82 STD L FOOT: HOP 10X, R FOOT 72.79 123
83 STD L FOOT: HOP 10X, L FOOT 72.79 123

Table 3 presents the observed task difficulty and measure in Gross Motor (GM) units for each item on the GMFM. Items are ordered based on GM units. Less GM units indicate easier task difficulty and more GM units indicate harder task difficulty. Reference points for anchors are denoted with *. GM units are derived from predicted task difficulty calculated by the specification equation based on theory.