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. 2023 Dec 5;52(3):1374–1386. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkad1136

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© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 1. — tRNA sequences and modifications. (A) Secondary structure of tRNA^Gly UCC from E. coli and M. mycoides. Decoding of the four synonymous glycine codons (GGN) in E. coli requires three tRNA^Gly isoacceptors with the anticodons CCC, GCC, and *UCC (left box; ‘*’ modified U). In contrast, the M. mycoides tRNA^Gly with the anticodon UCC is capable of decoding the four GGN codon (right box). Grey shaded boxes in the tRNA structures indicate the sequence differences between the E. coli and M. mycoides tRNA^Gly UCC. The D-arm of the M. mycoides tRNA is one nucleotide smaller compared to E. coli (indicated by an empty grey box). The modified positions are highlighted in blue (E. coli) or red (M. mycoides). (B) The chemical structures of the indicated tRNA modifications decorating the tRNAs are depicted.