Physical and chemical characteristic parameters of ENICAB wastewater before and after Cu2+ removal by adsorption on SPAC.
| Parameter | Initial wastewater | Treated wastewater | Maximum allowable for industrial liquid discharges36 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Temperature (C°) | 26 | 26 | ≤30 |
| pH | 8.28 | 8.34 | 6.5–8.5 |
| Conductivity (μS cm−1) | 2780 | 1695 | — |
| TH (mg L−1) | 1050 | 850 | — |
| Calcium (mg L−1) | 308 | 140 | — |
| Magnesium (mg L−1) | 84 | 96 | — |
| Chlorides (mg L−1) | 489 | 380 | — |
| Ammonium NH4+ (mg L−1) | 2.48 | 1.72 | — |
| TAC (mg L−1) | 186 | 174 | — |
| Nitrate NO3− (mg L−1) | 0.136 | 0.150 | — |
| Nitrite NO2− (mg L−1) | 25.5 | 19.3 | — |
| Sodium Na+ (mg L−1) | 240 | 192 | — |
| Phosphate PO43− (mg L−1) | 1.379 | 1.668 | — |
| Copper Cu2+ (mg L−1) | 22.42 | 0.83 | 0.5 |