Table 3.

Baseline characteristics of the study 2 sample (n=49)

Characteristic	Descriptive statistic
Sex (% female)	67.3
Race (%)
White	61.2
African-American	26.5
Asian	6.1
Ethnicity (% non-Hispanic)	97.9
Age (MN±SD)	39.7±9.96
CLBP duration (median, in months)	78.7
Worst pain past 24 hours (mean±SD)	6.0±2.36
Average pain past 24 hours (mean±SD)	4.6±2.49
Best pain past 24 hours (mean±SD)	3.1±2.59
PROMIS pain interference 8a (mean±SD)	23.7±9.12
Medications (%)
As-needed opioids	14.3
Antidepressants	49.0
Neuroleptics	38.7
As-needed NSAIDs	42.9
HOME: opioid exposure (mean±SD)	2.2±1.54
HOME: euphoric response (mean±SD)	3.2±1.25

CLBP, chronic low back pain; HOME, History of Opioid Medical Exposure; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; PROMIS, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System.