Table 4.

Associations between plasma NfL and NBD factor scores

Plasma NfL (log)	β (95% CI)	uncorr-p	FDR-p
Entire cohort
Explosivity	0.089 (− 0.084–0.263)	0.311	0.311
Emotional dyscontrol	0.207 (0.031–0.382)	0.021*	0.105
Affective lability	0.093 (− 0.086–0.273)	0.306	0.311
Impulsivity	0.126 (− 0.048–0.300)	0.156	0.260
NBD total	0.160 (− 0.013–0.333)	0.070	0.174
Age < 60
Explosivity	0.019 (− 0.205–0.243)	0.868	0.868
Emotional dyscontrol	0.097 (− 0.126–0.320)	0.390	0.557
Affective lability	0.222 (0.006–0.438)	0.044*	0.110
Impulsivity	− 0.138 (− 0.359–0.082)	0.216	0.360
NBD total	0.077 (− 0.145–0.298)	0.494	0.618
Age ≥ 60
Explosivity	0.206 (− 0.050–0.461)	0.112	0.224
Emotional dyscontrol	0.402 (0.143–0.661)	0.003**	0.015*
Affective lability	− 0.078 (− 0.352–0.196)	0.570	0.633
Impulsivity	0.488 (0.254–0.723)	0.0001***	0.001**
NBD total	0.333 (0.079–0.586)	0.011*	0.037*

Sensitivity analyses: results from multivariate linear regression models between plasma concentrations of neurofilament light chain (NfL) (log-transformed) and neurobehavioral dysregulation (NBD) factor scores, within the entire cohort and age-stratified cohorts of former American football players. Models included covariates: age, BMI, race, total AUDIT score, APOE-ε4 carrier, revised Framingham Stroke Risk Profile score, and sleep apnea. Results are presented as standardized beta (β), with uncorrected and FDR-corrected p-values. * = p-values ≤ 0.05, ** = p-values ≤ 0.01, *** = p-value ≤ 0.001