Table 4.

Measurement properties reported in the included studies and summary of the results

Author, year of publication	Bouidida et al. 2014 [26]	Abd ElHafeez et al. 2012 [34]	Gebrie et al. 2022 [33]	Elamin et al. 2019 [25]	Bagasha et al. 2022 [35]
Structural validity	NR	(+)	(+)	NR	NR
		KMO = 0.73 Bartlett’s test: p < 0.001	RMSEA = 0.085[0.064–0.095]; CFI = 0.854; TLI = 0.838; SRMR = 0.067
Internal consistency	(-)	(-)	(+)	(-)	(-)
	Cronbach’s alpha = 0.38–0.89	Cronbach’s alpha = 0.23–0.95	Cronbach’s alpha = 0.81–0.91	Cronbach’s alpha = 0.66–0.86	Cronbach’s alpha = 0.41–0.96
Test–retest reliability	(-)	(+)	(+)	(+)	NR
	ICC = 0.67–0.90	ICC = 0.79–0.95	ICC = 0.90–0.96	ICC = 0.74–0.98
Hypotheses testing for construct validity	(-)	(-)	(+)	(-)	(-)

Measurement error, cross-cultural validity, criterion validity, and responsiveness were not reported in any of the 5 studies

( +) sufficient, (–) insufficient, (?) indeterminate, NR not reported, KMO Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin, ICC intraclass correlation coefficient, CFI comparative fit index, RMSEA root mean square error of approximation, SRMR standardized root mean residuals, TLI Tucker‐Lewis index