Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants with plasma atherogenic index measured
| Characteristics | Total | Class 1 | Class 2 | Class 3 | Class 4 | Class 5 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 2659 | 533 | 498 | 816 | 526 | 286 | |
| Age, years | 58.34 ± 8.34 | 59.83 ± 8.39 | 57.22 ± 7.99 | 58.94 ± 8.60 | 57.79 ± 8.04 | 56.79 ± 8.06 | < 0.001 |
| Gender, n(%) | < 0.001 | ||||||
| male | 1252 (47.09%) | 307 (57.60%) | 222 (44.58%) | 388 (47.55%) | 216 (41.06%) | 119 (41.61%) | |
| female | 1407 (52.91%) | 226 (42.40%) | 276 (55.42%) | 428 (52.45%) | 310 (58.94%) | 167 (58.39%) | |
| Education level, n(%) | 0.038 | ||||||
| Primary school or lower | 1851 (69.61%) | 379 (71.11%) | 342 (68.67%) | 589 (72.18%) | 362 (68.82%) | 179 (62.59%) | |
| Secondary school or higher | 808 (30.39%) | 154 (28.89%) | 156 (31.33%) | 227 (27.82%) | 164 (31.18%) | 107 (37.41%) | |
| Hukou, n(%) | 0.005 | ||||||
| Agriculture | 2271 (85.41%) | 482 (90.43%) | 420 (84.34%) | 694 (85.05%) | 438 (83.27%) | 237 (82.87%) | |
| Others | 388 (14.59%) | 51 (9.57%) | 78 (15.66%) | 122 (14.95%) | 88 (16.73%) | 49 (17.13%) | |
| Current married, n(%) | 2400 (90.26%) | 467 (87.62%) | 452 (90.76%) | 734 (89.95%) | 482 (91.63%) | 265 (92.66%) | 0.113 |
| Drink, n(%) | 936 (35.20%) | 240 (45.03%) | 175 (35.14%) | 281 (34.44%) | 151 (28.71%) | 89 (31.12%) | < 0.001 |
| Current smoking, n(%) | 782 (29.41%) | 185 (34.71%) | 135 (27.11%) | 243 (29.78%) | 144 (27.38%) | 75 (26.22%) | 0.027 |
| SBP, mmHg | 129.50 ± 20.29 | 125.79 ± 20.34 | 130.69 ± 19.71 | 128.22 ± 19.89 | 132.11 ± 20.47 | 133.23 ± 20.64 | < 0.001 |
| DBP, mmHg | 75.53 ± 11.46 | 72.45 ± 11.31 | 76.69 ± 11.57 | 74.64 ± 10.68 | 77.18 ± 11.59 | 78.78 ± 11.86 | < 0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.96 ± 9.91 | 21.63 ± 2.90 | 24.63 ± 3.41 | 23.72 ± 16.92 | 25.14 ± 3.93 | 25.68 ± 4.14 | < 0.001 |
| BUN, mg/dl | 15.94 ± 4.49 | 16.53 ± 4.85 | 15.28 ± 4.11 | 16.07 ± 4.58 | 16.01 ± 4.54 | 15.44 ± 3.83 | < 0.001 |
| Fasting blood-glucose, mg/dl | 121.23 ± 40.56 | 114.78 ± 27.84 | 124.01 ± 42.99 | 116.55 ± 35.65 | 120.36 ± 37.71 | 143.33 ± 61.43 | < 0.001 |
| Total Cholesterol, mg/dl | 198.96 ± 39.88 | 193.09 ± 34.18 | 200.67 ± 41.07 | 196.45 ± 37.45 | 199.81 ± 37.17 | 212.55 ± 53.66 | < 0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dl | 149.54 ± 137.28 | 70.21 ± 24.63 | 197.63 ± 77.64 | 93.65 ± 27.04 | 136.29 ± 43.80 | 397.45 ± 267.86 | < 0.001 |
| HDL-C, mg/dl | 50.43 ± 15.97 | 67.56 ± 16.07 | 41.51 ± 8.70 | 54.71 ± 11.49 | 45.54 ± 9.40 | 30.84 ± 7.50 | < 0.001 |
| LDL-C, mg/dl | 118.48 ± 36.58 | 113.63 ± 29.22 | 118.34 ± 38.30 | 125.13 ± 33.25 | 127.59 ± 33.96 | 92.07 ± 44.93 | < 0.001 |
| CRP, mg/l | 2.75 ± 7.89 | 2.42 ± 9.09 | 2.61 ± 8.95 | 2.76 ± 7.78 | 3.27 ± 7.28 | 2.67 ± 3.93 | < 0.001 |
| HbA1c, % (mmol/mol) | 5.48 ± 0.99 | 5.37 ± 0.84 | 5.53 ± 0.94 | 5.40 ± 0.92 | 5.53 ± 1.07 | 5.70 ± 1.31 | 0.004 |
| UA, mg/dl | 4.44 ± 1.23 | 4.26 ± 1.19 | 4.51 ± 1.19 | 4.33 ± 1.20 | 4.54 ± 1.25 | 4.85 ± 1.32 | < 0.001 |
| AIP2012 | 0.40 ± 0.37 | 0.00 ± 0.18 | 0.66 ± 0.16 | 0.22 ± 0.14 | 0.46 ± 0.18 | 1.06 ± 0.29 | < 0.001 |
| AIP2015 | 0.41 ± 0.30 | 0.04 ± 0.13 | 0.39 ± 0.14 | 0.33 ± 0.12 | 0.70 ± 0.14 | 0.87 ± 0.19 | < 0.001 |
| Cumulative AIP | 1.22 ± 0.90 | 0.07 ± 0.33 | 1.57 ± 0.34 | 0.83 ± 0.23 | 1.74 ± 0.34 | 2.90 ± 0.53 | < 0.001 |
| Heart disease, n(%) | 255 (9.59%) | 43 (8.07%) | 46 (9.24%) | 82 (10.05%) | 53 (10.08%) | 31 (10.84%) | 0.671 |
| Stroke, n(%) | 169 (6.36%) | 21 (3.94%) | 30 (6.02%) | 52 (6.37%) | 41 (7.79%) | 25 (8.74%) | 0.042 |
| CVD, n(%) | 398 (14.97%) | 61 (11.44%) | 73 (14.66%) | 127 (15.56%) | 87 (16.54%) | 50 (17.48%) | 0.095 |
Abbreviations: SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; BMI: body mass index; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; CRP: C-reactive protein; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1C; UA: uric acid; AIP: atherogenic index of plasma; CVD: cardiovascular disease
Notes: Continuous variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) in case of normal distribution and compared between two groups by Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test. If the count variable had a theoretical number < 10, Fisher’s exact probability test was used. Categorical variables are presented as counts (percentages) and compared by Chi-square test