Table 2.
Adjusted Year-, Day-, and Visit-Level Outcomes for Male and Female PCPs.
| Outcome | Male PCPs | Female PCPs | Between-Group Difference* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Absolute (95% CI) | Relative % | |||
| Per year | ||||
| No. of physicians included in analysis | 5284 | 3018 | ||
| Allowed charges (U.S. $) | 358,795.1 | 319,652.0 | −39,143.2 (−53,523.0 to −24,763.4) | −10.9 |
| No. of visits | 3058.2 | 2727.7 | −330.5 (−406.6 to −254.3) | −10.8 |
| No. of days in clinic | 203.3 | 197.9 | −5.3 (−7.7 to −3.0) | −2.6 |
| Observed time spent in patient visits (min) † | 46,709.2 | 47,910.6 | 1201.3 (184.7 to 2218.0) | 2.6 |
| Per day | ||||
| No. of physician-days included in the analysis | 1,085,623 | 585,808 | ||
| Allowed charges (U.S. $) | 1,792.3 | 1,611.6 | −180.7 (−246.8 to −114.7) | −10.1 |
| No. of visits | 15.2 | 13.6 | −1.6 (−1.9 to −1.3) | −10.5 |
| Observed time spent in patient visits (min) † | 231.5 | 239.2 | 7.7 (3.6 to 11.8) | 3.3 |
| Per visit | ||||
| No. of visits included in the analysis | 16,422,457 | 7,969,353 | ||
| Allowed charges (U.S. $) | 117.4 | 116.9 | −0.5 (−4.3 to 3.2) | −0.4 |
| No. of diagnoses documented | 3.4 | 3.7 | 0.2 (0.2 to 0.3) | 5.9 |
| No. of orders placed | 2.6 | 3.1 | 0.5 (0.4 to 0.5) | 19.2 |
| Observed visit time (min) † | 15.3 | 17.6 | 2.4 (2.1 to 2.6) | 15.7 |
| Actual visit duration vs. scheduled duration (min)‡ | −0.9 | 0.8 | 1.8 (1.5 to 2.0) | 188.9 |
*
The between-group difference is shown as the value among female PCPs, as compared with that among male PCPs.
†
For visits for which the observed visit time data were missing (i.e., time stamps were not recorded or did not meet quality standards), this value was derived by means of multiple imputation.
‡
This value was calculated by subtracting the scheduled visit duration from the observed visit time. Data are provided for the 83.8% of visits for which information about the scheduled visit duration was available. (Details regarding this category are provided in the Supplementary Appendix.)