Table 3.
Nutrient intakes at baseline and after 8 weeks of the dietary intervention.
| Nutrient | Complete sample (n = 65) | Vegan group (n = 33) | Meat-rich group (n = 32) | p-values | D-A-CH recommendations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | |||||
| Energy (kcal/d) | 2331.67 (929) | 2391.68 ± 719.36 | 2402.73 ± 752.85 | .952 | |
| Fat (g/d) | 82.23 (40.4) | 78.87 (42.38) | 87.83 ± 31.63 | .844 | 30% of tE intake |
| Carbohydrate (g/d) | 267.11 (108.38) | 268.14 ± 94.27 | 268.29 (101.26) | .582 | >50% of tE intake |
| Protein (g/d) | 87.8 (47.88) | 95.54 ± 30.78 | 88.83 ± 26.8 | .353 | 0.8 g/kg bodyweight/d |
| Fiber (g/d) | 28.20 ± 12.1 | 26.52 ± 12.02 | 29.94 ± 12.12 | .257 | ≥30g/d |
| Moisture (ml/d) | 2685.12 ± 886.03 | 2939.99 ± 865.27 | 2422.28 ± 841.09 | .017 | 2650 ml/d |
| Calcium (mg/d) | 693.87 (338) | 723.35 (359.9) | 678.95 ± 229.99 | .463 | 1000 mg/d |
| Potassium (mg/d) | 2167.3 (1244.43) | 2105.03 (919.71) | 2208.88 (1377.96) | .803 | 4000 mg/d |
| Sodium (mg/d) | 2351.57 (1160.22) | 2448.5 (1462.3) | 2333.15 ± 870.32 | .358 | 1500 mg/d |
| Iron (mg/d) | 9.16 (6.23) | 8.67 (4.48) | 10.17 ± 4.5 | .694 | M: 10 mg/d; F: 15 mg/d |
| Magnesium (mg/d) | 277.27 (158.88) | 235.41 (142.31) | 302.63 (202.17) | .600 | M: 350 mg/d; F: 300 mg/d |
| Phosphorus (mg/d) | 944.62 (622.95) | 894.67 (718.34) | 1016.4 ± 355.35 | .885 | 700 mg/d |
| Zinc (mg/d) | 7.94 (5.66) | 8.7 ± 4.39 | 7.81 (5.39) | .990 | M: 14 mg/d; F: 8 mg/d |
| Week 8 | |||||
| Energy (kcal/d) | 2367 (1120) | 2328.33 (1033.67) | 2405.67 (1336) | .564 | |
| Fat (g/d) | 80.68 (50.63) | 76.18 (54.05) | 82.96 (46.69) | .618 | 30% of tE intake |
| Carbohydrate (g/d) | 267.08 (172.31) | 275.64 (133.64)* | 242.62 (169.33) | .096 | >50% of tE intake |
| Protein (g/d) | 86.16 (44.6) | 75.79 (34.53)* | 101.61 (45.35)* | .003 | 0.8 g/kg bodyweight/d |
| Fiber (g/d) | 29.15 (15.69) | 34.89 (18.46)** | 22.79 (12.5)* | <.001 | ≥30 g/d |
| Moisture (ml/d) | 3168.68 ± 1098.61* | 3252.82 ± 1007.96 | 2882.32 (1032.03)* | .203 | 2650 ml/d |
| Calcium (mg/d) | 565.07 (319.62) | 525.32 (159.88)* | 653.36 (547.71) | .004 | 1000 mg/d |
| Potassium (mg/d) | 2169.48 (959.74) | 2337.08 (977.88) | 2030.52 (907.93) | .582 | 4000 mg/d |
| Sodium (mg/d) | 2267.48 (1914.65) | 2040.33 (1003.01) | 2850.55 (2344.52)* | .014 | 1500 mg/d |
| Iron (mg/d) | 9.06 (3.81) | 8.95 (4.09) | 9.15 (4.03) | .927 | M: 10 mg/d; F: 15 mg/d |
| Magnesium (mg/d) | 277.29 (145.9) | 306.15 (147.99)* | 247.7 (142.59) | .068 | M: 350 mg/d; F: 300 mg/d |
| Phosphorus (mg/d) | 858.89 (586.37) | 720.84 (408.40)* | 1081.39 (644.58) | .002 | 700 mg/d |
| Zinc (mg/d) | 6.31 (5.27) | 4.91 (1.96)** | 9.38 (6.37)* | <.001 | M: 14 mg/d; F: 8 mg/d |
Continuous data displayed as mean ± SD if normally distributed or as median (IQR) if not normally distributed. The familywise error rate-adjusted Westfall-Young p-values for protein, fiber, calcium, sodium, phosphorus and zinc intake were 0.016, 0.005, 0.007, 0.006, 0.005, and 0.001 respectively.
tE: total energy; d: day; M: male; F: female. D-A-CH (D—Deutschland, Germany, A—Austria, CH—Confederation Helvetica, Switzerland) recommendations modified from [42].
*indicates significant differences in comparison to baseline at a p-value < .05; ** indicates significant differences in comparison to baseline at a p-value < .001.