A, left panels: left ventricular mRNA levels of RYR, LTCC, and NCX during development. The targeted genes for LTCC and NCX were Cacna1c and Slc8a1, respectively. A, right panels: representative Western blots and mean data revealed progressive increases in the expression of all three proteins during the fetal period. B, changes in the expression of the t-tubule regulators JPH2, BIN1, DNM2 and MTM1 during development, with mRNA levels at left and protein levels at right. JPH2 and MTM1 protein showed significant increases during development, while BIN1 tended to increase at 125 days when t-tubule growth was initiated. DNM2 protein levels decreased after birth. Data are presented as means ± SD, with P-values indicated. Statistical comparisons were made vs. 93 days, using 1-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparison test. For qPCR, n = 4 hearts for 93 days, 125 days and neonatal, n = 5 hearts for 135 days. For western blots (all proteins), n = 4 hearts for 93 days, 125 days, n = 5 hearts for 135 days and neonatal.