Table 2.
Univariable and multivariable analyses of risk factors for ECS in OTC.
| Univariable Analyses | Multivariable Analyses | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | p-Value | OR | 95% CI | p-Value | |
| Tumor dimension variables | ||||||
| Tumor diameter (cm) | 1.325 | 1.074–1.636 | 0.009 | |||
| Tumor volume (cm3) | 1.058 | 1.015–1.103 | 0.008 | |||
| DOI (mm) | ||||||
| DOI ≤ 5 | 1 | |||||
| 5 < DOI ≤ 10 | 2.275 | 0.968–5.345 | 0.059 | |||
| 10 < DOI | 3.119 | 1.602–6.075 | <0.001 | |||
| T status | ||||||
| T1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| T2 | 1.303 | 0.560–3.034 | 0.539 | 1.215 | 0.465–3.175 | 0.692 |
| T3 | 2.739 | 1.193–6.291 | 0.018 | 1.905 | 0.732–4.953 | 0.186 |
| T4 | 11.200 | 2.843–44.119 | <0.001 | 6.483 | 1.544–27.225 | 0.011 |
| Tumor biological variables | ||||||
| LVI | 2.146 | 1.078–4.269 | 0.030 | |||
| PNI | 2.102 | 1.134–3.896 | 0.018 | |||
| WPOI | 1.082 | 0.390–3.002 | 0.880 | |||
| Histologic grade | ||||||
| WD | 1 | |||||
| MD | 1.477 | 0.777–2.809 | 0.235 | |||
| PD | 1.846 | 0.763–4.469 | 0.174 | |||
| LNM variables | ||||||
| LNM number | 1.681 | 1.292–2.186 | <0.001 | |||
| LNM largest size (cm) | 3.223 | 1.899–5.470 | <0.001 | 2.288 | 1.328–3.942 | 0.003 |
| N status | ||||||
| N1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| N2 | 4.868 | 2.541–9.327 | <0.001 | 3.192 | 1.549–6.581 | 0.002 |
| N3 | 53.415 | 2.737–1042.499 | 0.009 | 35.870 | 1.808–711.619 | 0.019 |
ECS: extra-capsular spread, OTC: oral tongue cancer, OR: odds ratio, 95% CI: 95% confidence interval, DOI: depth of invasion, LVI: lymphovascular invasion, PNI: perineural invasion, WPOI: worst pattern of invasion, WD: well differentiated, MD: moderately differentiated, PD: poorly differentiated, LNM: lymph node metastasis.