Table 1.
Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis.
| First Author, Year of Publication |
Type of the Study | Nation | Follow-Up Period | Patients (N), Disease Setting, and Breast Cancer Subtypes | Median (Range)/Mean (SD) Age, Years |
Treatments | Sarcopenia Definition (cm2/m2) |
Patients with Sarcopenia (N, %) | Measured Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Villasenor 2012 et al. [14] | Prospective | US | 9.6 years | 471, stage I–IIIA | 56 (29.4–85.8) in sarcopenic and 63.9 (39.6–87.8) in non-sarcopenic patients | Adjuvant RT +/− CT/HT | LMI < 5.45 Kg/m2 | 75 (16) | 5 y-OS, BCSS |
| Shachar 2017 et al. [15] | Prospective | US | 1.9 years | 40, MBC, 15 luminal, 14 HER2+, 10 triple negative | 55 (34–80) | CT, TT | SMI ≤ 41 | 23 (48) | Toxicity OS |
| Caan 2018 et al. [16] | Retrospective | US | 6.0 years | 3241, stage II-III | 54 (18–80) | Adjuvant RT +/− CT | SMI < 40 | 1086 (34) | mOS |
| Deluche 2018 et al. [17] | Retrospective | France | 4.3 years | 119 (88 ER+, 11 HER2+), stage I–IIIA |
56 (21–87) | (Neo)adjuvant—CT +/− RT | SMI ≤ 41 | 58 (49) | DFS, OS |
| Hua 2020 et al. [18] | Retrospective | China | 1.5 years | 272 (197 ER+, 98 HER2+), stage I–III | 45 (23–73) | Adjuvant-RT +/− CT | 2 groups: low-SMI: 9.9 (range 5.3–10.6) and high-SMI: 12.5 (range 10.6–28.1) | 66 (24) | OS, RFS |
| Jeon 2021 et al. [22] | Retrospective | Korea | 6.5 years | 479 (300 ER+), stage I–III, 237 luminal, 149 HER2 positive, 93 triple negative | SMI ≤ 41 | 178 (37) | OS, BCSS | ||
| Tang 2022 et al. [23] | Retrospective | China | 5.2 years | 97 (61 ER+, 40 HER2+), stage II–III | 51 (21–87) | Adjuvant-CT | OS | ||
| Palleschi 2022 et al. [24] | Retrospective | Italy | 2.7 years | 25, stage I–III; 18, MBC. All HER2+. | 58 (52–64) | CT +/− anti-HER2 agents | 46 (27–73) | Adjuvant RT +/− CT | PFS, OS, |
| Ballinger 2023 et al. [25] | Prospective, phase III trial | US | Not specified (247 PFS events) | 540 MBC, HR+ HER2− | 63.2 (11.5) | HT+/− entinostat | SMI < 41 | 212 (39) | PFS, OS |
| Del Fabbro 2012 et al. [26] | Retrospective | US | 7.7 years | 129 (96 ER+, 44 HER2+), clinical stage I–III. | NA | Neoadjuvant-CT | SMI ≤ 38.5 | 18 (14) | pCR |
| Prado 2009 et al. [21] | Prospective | Canada | 1 year | 55 (39 ER+, 18 HER2+), MBC | 54.8 (37–80) | CT | SMI ≤ 38.5 | 14 (26) | Toxicity, TTP |
| Ueno 2019 et al. [28] | Retrospective | Japan | 4 years | 82, clinical stage I–III. | 55 (44.3–66) | Neoadjuvant -CT | SMI < 40 | 10 (12) | Toxicity |
| Bellieni 2021 et al. [29] | Retrospective | Italy | 1 year | 96, stage 0–III | 77 (70–89) | Adjuvant-CT | LMI < 5.45 Kg/m2 | 41 (43) | Toxicity |
| Delrieu 2021 et al. [30] | Prospective | France | 6 months | 47 MBC | 55 (10.41) | CT, TT, HT and RT | SMI < 40 | 25 (53) | Toxicity |
| Deluche 2022 et al. [31] | Prospective cross-sectional | France | 6 months | 139, MBC | 61, 2(29.9–97.8) | CT, TT, HT | SMI < 39 | 41 (29) | Toxicity |
| Jang 2023 et al. [32] | Retrospective | Korea | 5 months | 298 stage I–III; luminal:103, HER2+:109, Triple negative:93 | 52.9 (overall SD NA) | Neoadjuvant CT | SMI ≤ 38.5 | 74 (25) | Toxicity (only the hematological) |
Abbreviations: CT: chemotherapy, HT: hormone therapy, RT: radiotherapy, TT: target therapy, LMI: lean mass index, SMI: skeletal muscle index, BCSS: breast cancer-specific survival, DFS: disease-free survival, ER: estrogen receptor, HER2: human epidermal growth factor 2, OS: overall survival, PFS: progression-free survival, RFS: relapse-free survival, TTF: time to treatment failure, pCR: pathological complete response, NA: not available.