. 2024 Jan 31;16(3):617. doi: 10.3390/cancers16030617

Table 2.

Summary of risk prediction models incorporating genetic variants.

First Author, Year	Country	Outcome ^a	Genetic Factors	Non-Genetic Risk Factors	Study Type	Study-Setting	Tripod Level ᵇ	Reported Performance Measures	Overall Risk of Bias
First Author, Year	Country	Outcome ^a	Genetic Factors	Non-Genetic Risk Factors	Study Type	Study-Setting	Tripod Level ᵇ	Reported Performance Measures	Development	Validation
Bao, 2020b [35]	China	OCC	7 SNP ᶜ-constructed GRS	Selenium level	CC	Hospital-based	1a	AIC, OR	High	Not applicable
Chung, 2017 [44]	Taiwan	OCC	4 SNPs ᵈ	Age and betel quid chewing	CC	Hospital-based	2b	AUROC, Sens, Spec, OR	High	High
Chung, 2019 [45]	Taiwan	OCC	2 SNPs ᵉ	Age, betel quid chewing and alcohol consumption	CC	Hospital-based	1a	AUROC	High	High
Fritsche, 2020a [46]	United Kingdom (UK Biobank)	OCC	1,119,238 SNPs	EHR-derived phenotypes	CC	General population	1b	AUROC, R², Brier score, OR	High	High
Fritsche, 2020b [46]	Finland (FinnGen)	OCC ᶠ	931,954 SNPs	EHR-derived phenotypes	CC	General population	1b	AUROC, R², Brier score, OR	High	High
Miao, 2016 [47]	China	OCC	3 SNPs	Age	CC	Hospital-based	1a	Balance accuracy	High	Not applicable

Abbreviations: AIC, Akaike Information Criterion; AUROC, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; CC, case-control; EHR, electronic health record; GRS, genetic risk score; OCC, oral cavity cancer; OR, odds ratio; Sens, sensitivity; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism; Spec, specificity. ^a Each prediction model is for either a single- or combined-outcome. ^b Classification of prediction model according to the TRIPOD guidelines [30,31]: 1a, development only; 1b, development and validation using resampling; 2b, nonrandom split-sample development and validation; ^c cIncluded SNPs: rs1800668, rs3746165, rs7310505, rs4964287, rs9605030, rs3788317, rs13054371. ^d Included SNPs: rs2070833, rs550675, rs139994842, rs2822641. ^e Included SNPs: rs550675, rs28647489. ^f Tongue cancer.