Table 1.
Compositions of experimental diets.
| Ingredients (Percent Dry Basis) | Diets | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FM | SBM-S | SBM-F | SBM-P | |
| FM | 55 | |||
| BSM-S | 58.2 | |||
| BSM-F | 55.1 | |||
| BSM-P | 66 | |||
| α-starch 1 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Yeast 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Oil 3 | 7.68 | 7.83 | 7.75 | 8.23 |
| Chromic oxide | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Casein | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 |
| Vitamin premix 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Mineral premix 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Cholesterol | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Vitamin A | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Vitamin D | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Vitamin E | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| α-cellulose | 12.02 | 8.67 | 11.85 | 0.47 |
| Analyzed composition 6 | ||||
| Moisture | 9.88 | 10.14 | 9.87 | 9.98 |
| Crude protein | 42.25 | 41.10 | 42.31 | 41.70 |
| Crude lipids | 12.25 | 11.85 | 12.16 | 11.2 |
| Crude fiber | 13.39 | 13.91 | 16.81 | 6.41 |
| Ash | 7.87 | 8.11 | 8.88 | 9.01 |
| NFE 7 | 24.24 | 25.04 | 19.85 | 31.68 |
| Dry matter | 90.12 | 89.86 | 90.13 | 90.02 |
| Metabolizable energy | 336.79 | 332.16 | 320.87 | 352.03 |
| Gross energy (Kcal/100 g) | 376.17 | 371.16 | 358.03 | 394.32 |
1 α-starch (Thai Wah, Bangkok, Thailand). 2 Yeast (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). 3 Fish oil/soybean oil = 2:1 (v/v). 4 0.5% thiamine HCl, 0.8% riboflavin, 2.6% niacinamide, 0.1% D-biotin, 1.5% Ca-pantothenate, 0.3% pyridoxine HCl, 0.5% folic acid, 18.1% inositol, 12.1% ascorbic acid, 0.1% cyanocobalamin, 3% para-aminobenzoic acid, 0.1% butylated hydroxytoluene, and 60.3% cellulose. 5 Modified from the premix used in another study [33]. 6 Expressed in terms of the percentage of dry weight. 7 Nitrogen-free extract (NFE) = (100 − [crude protein + crude lipids + crude fiber + ash]) (%). Abbreviations: BSM-S, black soldier larvae fed soybean meal; BSM-F, black soldier larvae fed fishery byproducts; BSM-P, black soldier larvae fed pitaya; FM, fish meal.