2D	Two dimensional
3D	Three dimensional
3R	Reduce, refine, replace animal testing
AP	Action potential
AVC	Atrioventricular canal
Activin A	Activin group beta, form A dimer
BETi	Bromodomain and extraterminal family inhibitor
bFGF	Basic fibroblast growth factor, synonymous with FGF-2
BMP-4	Bone morphogenic protein four
BSA-FA	BSA-bound fatty acid
BSA	Bovine serum albumin
BoC	Body-on-a-chip
Cx43	Connexin 43 gap-junction protein
CAD	Computer-assisted design
CCT	Constructed cardiac tissue
CF	Cardiac fibroblast
CHD	Congenital heart disease
CHIR	Small molecule Wnt activator
CHP	Cardiac homing peptide
CM	Cardiomyocyte
CMT	Cardiac microtissue
CO	Cardiac organoid
COVID-19	Coronavirus disease 2019
CRISPR	Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats
CS	Cardiac spheroid
CVD	Cardiovascular disease
DCM	Dilated cardiomyopathy
dECM	Decellularized ECM
Dex	Dexamethasone
Dox	Doxorubicin
EB	Embryoid body
EC	Endothelial cell
ECM	Extracellular matrix
ECT	Engineered cardiac tissue
EHT	Engineered heart tissue
EMT	Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
EndC	Endocardial cell
EpiC	Epicardial cell
ExT	Exosome therapy
FAO	Fatty acid oxidation
FDA	United States Food and Drug Administration
FHF	First heart field
FO	Fusion organoid
FRESH	Freeform reversible embedding in suspended hydrogel
GelMA	Gelatin conjugated with MA
HA	Hyaluronic acid
HCM	hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
HF	Heart failure
HTDS	High-throughput drug screening
HoC	Heart-on-a-chip
IC	Immune cell
ICD	Intercalated disc
IFN-y	Interferon-gamma
IGF-1	Insulin-like growth factor one
IL-1β	Interleukin one beta
IL-6	Interleukin six
iPSC-CCT	iPSC-derived CCT
iPSC	Induced pluripotent stem cell
IWP2	Inhibitor of Wnt production two, small molecule Wnt inhibitor
IWR	Inhibitor of Wnt response, small molecule Wnt inhibitor
JCF	Juxtacardiac field
LPS	Lipopolysaccharide
LQTS	Long QT syndrome
MA-HA	HA conjugated with MA
MA	Methacrylate
MF	Macrophage
MI	Myocardial infarction
MMP	Matrix metalloproteinase
MSC	Mesenchymal stem cell
NO	Nitric oxide
OFT	Outflow tract
PAm	Polyacrylamide
PC	Pericyte
PCL	Polycaprolactone
PDA	Polydopamine
PDGF-BB	Platelet-derived growth factor from B dimer
PLGF-2	Placental growth factor two
PDMS	Polydimethylsiloxane
PEG-RGD	PEG conjugated with RGD peptide
PEG	Polyethylene glycol
PGA	Polyglycolic acid
PGS	Poly(glycerol sebacate)
PINIPAAm	Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)
PLA	Polylactic acid
PLGA	Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
PMMA	Polymethylmethacrylate
PU	Polyurethane
PoMaC	Poly(octamethylene maleate (anhydride) citrate)
Poly(I:C)	Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid
RGD	Arg-Gly-Asp peptide
RGDFK	Arg-Gly-Asp-Phe-Lys peptide
SA	Sinoatrial
SHF	Second heart field
SLA	Stereolithography
SQTS	Short QT Syndrome
SWIFT	Sacrificial writing into functional tissue
T3	Triiodothyronine
TGF-β	Transforming growth factor-beta
TNF	Tumor necrosis factor, synonymous with TNF-α
VEGF-A	Vascular endothelial growth factor form A
VSMC	Vascular smooth muscle cell
Wnt-C59	Small molecule Wnt inhibitor
Wnt	Wingless-related integration site
YAP	Yes-associated protein
YIGSR	Tyr-Ile-Gly-Ser-Arg peptide