Table 3.
Methods reported for oral and written communication with non-English speaking participants
| Article described how participant language preference determined (n=469) | Articles (n, %) |
|---|---|
| Yes | 61 (13) |
| No | 408 (87) |
| Article described how oral communication occurred (n=469) | |
| Yes | 101 (22) |
| No | 368 (78) |
| Method of oral communication used (n=101)a | |
| Through a research team member who speaks the same language | 42 (42) |
| Through an interpreter | 37 (37) |
| Recorded materials in non-English language | 6 (6) |
| Family member | 0 (0) |
| Other | 23 (23) |
| Article described which materials were translated (n=469) | |
| Yes | 136 (29) |
| No | 333 (71) |
| Materials translated (n=136)b | |
| Surveys created by research team | 43 (32) |
| Existing data collection instruments | 38 (28) |
| Consent forms/study information sheets | 19 (14) |
| “All materials” terminology used | 14 (10) |
| Pre-existing surveys available to research team | 13 (10) |
| Intervention materials | 12 (9) |
| Recruitment materials | 4 (3) |
| Other | 21 (15) |
| Article described how translation of written materials occurred (n=469) | |
| Yes | 59 (13) |
| No | 410 (87) |
| Method of translation (n=59) | |
| Already available in non-English language | 30 (51) |
| By institutional or third-party translational services | 4 (7) |
| Other | 25 (42) |
a
Percentages sum to more than 100% because studies may have included more than one method of oral communication
b
Percentages sum to more than 100% because studies may have included more than one method of written communication