TABLE I.
Patient Demographic, Clinical, and Facility-Related Characteristics, Stratified by Distance Traveled to Facility
| Characteristic | All (N = 8,432) | Distance Traveled to Facility* | P Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤10 Miles (N = 2,780) | 11 to 49 Miles (N = 3,544) | ≥50 Miles (N = 2,108) | |||
| Percentage of sample | 100% | 33.0% | 42.0% | 25.0% | |
| Age† (yr) | 44 (22, 62) | 47 (24, 67) | 43 (21, 61) | 41 (20, 60) | <0.001 |
| Age | <0.001 | ||||
| <18 years | 17.8% | 16.2% | 18.1% | 19.3% | |
| ≥18 years | 82.2% | 83.8% | 81.9% | 80.7% | |
| Sex | 0.030 | ||||
| Male | 56.5% | 55.8% | 58.1% | 54.6% | |
| Female | 43.5% | 44.2% | 41.9% | 45.4% | |
| Race or ethnicity | <0.001 | ||||
| White | 75.5% | 66.8% | 78.7% | 81.8% | |
| Black | 10.6% | 15.0% | 8.7% | 7.8% | |
| Hispanic | 8.9% | 11.6% | 8.2% | 6.4% | |
| Asian | 2.8% | 4.3% | 2.5% | 1.5% | |
| Other | 2.2% | 2.3% | 1.9% | 2.5% | |
| Modified Charlson-Deyo Comorbidity Index score | <0.001 | ||||
| 0 | 84.4% | 81.8% | 86.0% | 85.3% | |
| 1 | 12.1% | 13.5% | 11.3% | 11.6% | |
| ≥2 | 3.5% | 4.7% | 2.7% | 3.1% | |
| Tumor stage | <0.001 | ||||
| I | 48.0% | 45.3% | 49.1% | 49.7% | |
| II | 31.3% | 29.0% | 31.7% | 33.4% | |
| III | 2.3% | 2.4% | 1.9% | 2.4% | |
| IV | 18.6% | 23.3% | 17.3% | 14.5% | |
| Diagnosis | <0.001 | ||||
| Osteosarcoma | 32.8% | 32.9% | 32.0% | 34.1% | |
| Ewing sarcoma or primitive neuroectodermal tumor | 11.2% | 10.5% | 12.4% | 10.1% | |
| Chondrosarcoma | 39.6% | 38.1% | 39.6% | 41.6% | |
| Others | 16.4% | 18.6% | 16.0% | 14.3% | |
| Facility type | <0.001 | ||||
| Academic or research | 65.7% | 55.2% | 67.3% | 76.9% | |
| Comprehensive community | 19.6% | 25.5% | 18.7% | 13.4% | |
| Community | 2.9% | 5.6% | 2.2% | 0.3% | |
| Other | 11.8% | 13.7% | 11.8% | 9.4% | |
| Facility volume | <0.001 | ||||
| High (≥20 cases per year) | 32.9% | 18.4% | 32.0% | 53.4% | |
| Medium (6 to 19 cases per year) | 35.2% | 31.9% | 38.1% | 34.8% | |
| Low (≤5 cases per year) | 31.9% | 49.7% | 29.9% | 11.8% | |
| Insurance | <0.001 | ||||
| Private | 56.1% | 49.4% | 60.9% | 56.5% | |
| Medicare | 22.7% | 27.5% | 20.7% | 19.9% | |
| Medicaid | 14.2% | 16.0% | 12.0% | 15.6% | |
| Other government | 1.8% | 1.1% | 1.7% | 2.8% | |
| Uninsured | 5.2% | 6.0% | 4.7% | 5.2% | |
| ZIP Code-level income | <0.001 | ||||
| <$38,000 | 17.8% | 21.0% | 10.1% | 26.6% | |
| $38,000 to $47,999 | 23.2% | 21.0% | 19.0% | 33.1% | |
| $48,000 to $63,000 | 25.7% | 24.2% | 26.3% | 26.8% | |
| >$63,000 | 33.3% | 33.8% | 44.5% | 13.6% | |
| ZIP Code-level lack of high-school education | <0.001 | ||||
| <7.0% | 25.4% | 26.9% | 29.5% | 16.6% | |
| 7.0% to 12.9% | 31.2% | 29.4% | 32.3% | 32.1% | |
| 13.0% to 20.9% | 24.7% | 22.5% | 23.4% | 29.6% | |
| ≥21.0% | 18.7% | 21.2% | 14.8% | 21.7% | |
| Rurality of residence | <0.001 | ||||
| Metropolitan | 83.6% | 97.8% | 88.3% | 57.0% | |
| Suburban | 14.6% | 2.2% | 10.7% | 37.7% | |
| Rural | 1.8% | 0.0% | 1.0% | 5.3% | |
| Facility location | <0.001 | ||||
| Pacific | 11.2% | 11.8% | 10.8% | 11.3% | |
| Mountain | 6.0% | 5.3% | 6.0% | 7.2% | |
| West North Central | 9.3% | 6.9% | 6.8% | 16.5% | |
| East North Central | 16.9% | 18.6% | 17.8% | 13.1% | |
| Middle Atlantic | 15.7% | 21.3% | 16.3% | 7.1% | |
| New England | 4.4% | 5.2% | 5.5% | 1.4% | |
| West South Central | 8.9% | 8.6% | 8.4% | 10.2% | |
| East South Central | 7.5% | 4.9% | 5.9% | 13.5% | |
| South Atlantic | 20.1% | 17.4% | 22.5% | 19.7% | |
| Diagnosed and treated at reporting facility | <0.001 | ||||
| Yes | 92.0% | 88.6% | 92.6% | 95.6% | |
| No | 8.0% | 11.4% | 7.4% | 4.4% | |
*
With regard to distance, 1 mile is equivalent to 1.609 km.
†
The values are given as the median, with the interquartile range in parentheses.