Table 2.

The application of ELISA in forensic science.

Forensic Issue	Forensic Problem	Citation	Target Protein	Samples
Toxicology	Exogenous protein Toxin	Huang et al. [51]	Snake venom	Multi-organ
	Cardiotoxicity	Sharif et al. [52]	S100β	Serum
	Neurotoxicity	Xiong et al. [53]; Wei et al. [54]	Tumor necrosis facorα (TNFα); interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6,	Serum
Postmortem detection of the cause of death	Traumatic brain injury	Li et al. [55], Olczak et al. [56,57,58]	S100β; microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT), tau, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GAFP); GAFP, MAPT, S100β, Spectrin Alpha, Non-Erythrocytic 1 (SPTAN1), pro-Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (pro-BDNF);	Serum and urine
	Ischemic sudden cardiac death	Meng et al. [59], Sapouna et al. [60] Yu et al. [61]	heart fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP); cardiac troponin I c(TnI); vesicular integral membrane protein 36 (LMAN2), Calpain 1 (CAPN-1), valosin-containing protein;	Serum
	Acute kidney injury	Keltanen et al. [62]	Cystatin C, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin;	Urine
	Sudden infant death syndrome(SIDS)	Haynes et al. [63]	5-hydroxytryptamine	Serum
PMI estimation	The degeneration of protein in body fluid	Kasuda et al. [64], Zhang et al. [65]	VWF; Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/HIF-1α	Serum