Table 1.
Microbiome composition of urine in healthy females.
| Age | No | Bacteria | Urine Sample | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 27–67 | 8 | Lactobacillus, Prevotella, Gardnerella, Peptoniphilus, Dialister, Finegoldia, Anaerococcus, Allisonella, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus | MSU | [31] |
| 22–51 | 15 | Streptococcus, Aerococcus, Gardnerella, Prevotella, Escherichia, Enterococcus | MSU | [38] |
| NA | 12 |
Lactobacillus, Actinobaculum, Aerococcus, Anaerococcus, Atopobium, Burkholderia, Corynebacterium, Gardnerella, Prevotella, Ralstonia, Sneathia, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Veillonella |
MSU SPA TUC | [39] |
| NA | 10 | Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes | MSU | [34] |
| NA | 24 | Lactobacillus, Corynebacterium, Streptococcus, Actinomyces, Staphylococcus, Aerococcus, Gardnerella, Bifidobacterium, Actinobaculum | TUC | [30] |
| 35–65 | 58 | Lactobacillus, Gardnerella, Corynebacterium, Enterobacteriaceae, Anaerococcus, Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Sneathia, Peptoniphilus, Atopobium, Rhodanobacter, Trueperella, Alloscardovia, Veillonella | TUC | [27] |
| 18–25 | 24 |
Lactobacillus, Staphylococci, Peptococcus, Corynebacterium, Propionibacterium, Eubacterium, Peptostreptococcus, Candida, Bacteroides, Bacillus, Veillonella, Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus, Micrococcus, Prevotella, Actinomyces, Streptococcus |
MSU | [40] |
| 35–65 | 60 | Lactobacillus, Gardnerella, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Bifidobacterium, Atopobium, Enterobacteriaceae | TUC | [41] |
| NA | 10 | Anoxybacillus, Lactobacillus, Prevotella, Gardnerella, Arthrobacter, Escherichia, Shigella | TUC | [42] |
| 19–62 | 49 |
Prevotella amnii, Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae, Lactobacillus iners, Shigella sonnei, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus agalacticie, Citrobacter murliniae, Lactobacillus crispatus |
MSU | [36] |
| NA | 10 | Lactobacillus, Corynebacterium, Gardnerella, Prevotella, Bacillus | MSU | [32] |
| NA | 60 |
Staphylococcus epidermidis, Micrococcus luteus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus oralis, Neisseria perflava, Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus jensenii, Gardnerella vaginalis, Rothia mucilaginosa, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bacillus infantis, Actinomyces odontolyticus, Bacillus idriensis, Corynebacterium amycolatum, Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Gordonia terrae, Staphylococcus warneri, Lactobacillus iners, Streptococcus mitis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Streptococcus gordonii, Aerococcus urinae, Actinomyces neuii, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus sanguinis, Corynebacterium aurimucosum, Actinomyces naeslundii, Streptococcus equinus, Alloscardovia omnicolens, Corynebacterium tuscaniense, Bifidobacterium longum |
TUC | [29] |
| ≈53 | 84 |
Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Tepidimonas, Prevotella, Flavobacterium, Escherichia, Ureaplasma, Shuttleworthia, Aerococcus, Gardnerella, Veillonella, Bacteroides, Enterobacter, Acidovorax, Sneathia, Clostridium, Fusobacterium, Sphingobium, Proteus, Trabulsiella |
TUC | [43] |
| NA | 224 | Predominant urotypes: Lactobacillus, Gardnerella, Streptococcus, EscherichiaOther: Aerococcus, Alloscardovia, Anaerococcus, Bifidobacterium, Corynebacterium, Enterococcus, Finegoldia, Klebsiella, Prevotella, Staphylococcus | TUC | [44] |
| ≈38 | 110 | Bifidobacterium, Staphylococcus, Lactobacillus, Corynebacterium | MSU | [45] |
NA = not available; MSU = midstream urine; SPA = suprapubic aspirate; TUC = transurethral catheter.