Table 7.

The influence of platelet lysate (PL) or platelet-rich concentrate (PRC) on properties of selected polymer-based biomaterials for applications in cartilage and osteochondral tissue engineering.

Biomaterial	Platelet Lysate/Platelet-Rich Concentrate Application Form	Main Advantages	Ref.
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA)/chitosan (CH)/gelatin (GLT) microspheres	PL 1 added to PLGA/CH/GTL microspheres	The PLGA/CH/GTL/PL microspheres had the ability to release growth factors in a controlled manner The PLGA/CH/GTL/PL microspheres enhanced the proliferation of human chondrocytes in vitro when compared to the PLGA/CH/GTL microspheres The expression of cartilage-related genes in human chondrocytes cultured in the presence of PLGA/CH/GTL/PL microspheres was significantly higher when compared to the expression in these cells maintained in the presence of PLGA/CH/GTL microspheres Unlike the PLGA/CH/GTL microspheres, the PLGA/CH/GTL/PL microspheres enabled proper cartilage regeneration in rat osteoarthritis models in vivo	[186]
Hyaluronic acid-tyramine hydrogel (HA-TA)	PL 1 introduced to biomaterial during the fabrication process	The HA-TA-PL biomaterial promoted the adhesion, viability, proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of human BMSCs 2 in vitro more potently than the HA-TA biomaterial	[187]
Alginate beads	PRC 3 added to the culture medium	15% PRC significantly enhanced the proliferation of human BMSCs 2 when compared to alginate beads maintained in a culture medium with the addition of 10% FBS (control) for 16 days Alginate beads incubated in a medium with PRC enhanced the chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells more potently than alginate biomaterials treated with a chondrogenic medium.	[188]

¹ PL—platelet lysate; ² BMSCs—bone-marrow-derived stem cells; ³ PRC—platelet-rich concentrate.