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. 2024 Jan 25;25(3):1489. doi: 10.3390/ijms25031489

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Hallmarks of cancer include sustained proliferation signals, cancer cell survival, migration, invasion, and metastasis, resisting cell death, angiogenesis, possible replication immortality, inflammation promotion of cancer, avoidance of immune destruction, genetic instability and mutations, and metabolic reprogramming. Seven of the cancer hallmarks originate from tumor cells themselves, while the rest are involved in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Abbreviations: Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma 2; Bcl-XL: B-cell lymphoma-extra-large; FKBP38: FK506-binding protein 38; HIF1: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1; IRF7: Interferon regulatory factor 7; MYC: Myelocytomatosis oncogene; mTORC1: Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1; p27: Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (CDKN1B); p70S6 kinase: S6 kinase 1 (RPS6KB1); PKM2: Pyruvate kinase isozyme M2; RNF168: Ring finger protein 168; Rheb1: Ras homolog enriched in brain 1; 4EBP1: Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1.