Table 1.

Summary of a miRNA cluster potentially involved in nonspecific orbital inflammation pathogenesis ^a.

Identified miRNA	Known Function in Inflammation b	References
miR-223-3p, miR-223-5p	Upregulated in granulocytes, macrophages, and T cells. Upregulated by NFκB. Proliferation and differentiation of granulocytes and macrophages. Induces Treg differentiation in vivo.	[93,94,95]
miR-148a	Regulates monocyte-derived DCs and attenuates psoriasis-induced inflammation progression. Impairs B cell tolerance and induces autoimmunity through Gadd45a, Pten, and Bcl2l11 suppression.	[96,97,98]
miR-365-3p	Negatively regulates IL-17 through ARRB2 targeting in a murine asthmatic model. Enhances apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation by IL-1β and IL-6 downregulation in synoviocytes of mice with rheumatoid arthritis.	[99,100]
miRNA-140	Enhances cell death through apoptosis.	[101]
miR-193a	Promotes granulocyte differentiation.	[102]
miR-29a-3p and U6 snRNA	To be investigated in autoimmunity.

^a miRNA cluster identified by OpenArray miRNA profiling in patients with nonspecific orbital inflammation. Laban et al. (2020) [92]. ^b The reported functions are based on preclinical studies regarding diverse autoimmune diseases, excluding nonspecific orbital inflammation, given the lack of data.