TABLE 1.

Diseases caused by Salmonella subspecies I serotypes in humans and higher vertebrates

Host species	Disease	S. enterica subspecies I serotype(s) most frequently encountered	Most susceptible age groups	Typical symptoms or sign(s) of disease	Reference
Humans	Salmonella enteritis	Typhimurium, Enteritidis	Children (<4 yr)	Diarrhea, dysentery, fever	78
	Typhoid fever	Typhic	Children and adults	Septicemia, fevera	78
	Paratyphoid fever	Sendai; Paratyphi A, B, and Cc	Children and adults	Septicemia, fevera	78
Cattle	Salmonellosis	Typhimurium	Calves (<8 wk)	Diarrhea, dysentery, septicemia, fever	104
		Dublin	Calves and adult cattle	Diarrhea, dysentery, septicemia, abortion, fever	99, 104
Poultry	Pullorum disease	Pullorumc,d	Newly hatched birds	Diarrhea, septicemia	27
	Fowl typhoid	Gallinarumc,d	Growing stock and adults	Diarrhea, comb discoloration, septicemia	27
	Avian paratyphoid	Enteritidis, Typhimurium	Newly hatched birds	Diarrhea, septicemia	27
Sheep	Salmonellosis	Abortusovisc	Adult sheep	Septicemia, abortion, vaginal discharge	90
			Lambs	Diarrhea, dysentery, septicemia	90
		Typhimurium	Lambs	Diarrhea, dysentery, septicemia	90
Pigs	Pig paratyphoid	Choleraesuisc	Weaned and adult pigs	Skin discoloration, septicemia, feverb	106
	Salmonellosis	Typhimurium	Weaned pigs (<4 mo)	Diarrhea	106
	Chronic paratyphoid	Typhisuis		Intermittent diarrhea	7
Horses	Salmonellosis	Abortusequic	Adult horses	Septicemia, abortion	110
			Foals	Diarrhea, septicemia	110
		Typhimurium	Foals	Diarrhea, septicemia	110
Wild rodents	Murine typhoid	Typhimurium, Enteritidis		Septicemia, fever	28

^aDiarrhea develops only in about one third of typhoid fever patients and usually several days after the onset of fever. 

^bDiarrhea is not a typical sign of pig paratyphoid but may develop by the third or fourth day of disease. 

^cThese serotypes have been most frequently associated with illness in the preantibiotic era but are now rare or have been eradicated in most developed countries. 

^dGallinarum and Pullorum are considered biotypes that belong to the same serotype.