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Morphology of specimen under each heat treatment condition and healing behavior. (a) As-received specimen, (b) heat-treated in air at 400 °C for 1 h, (c) heat-treated in superheated steam at 400 °C for 1 h, (d) enlarged view of crack introduced on the surface, (e) crack healing under superheated steam heat treatment, (f) strength recovery, (g) fracture origin of pre-cracked specimen, and (h) shift of fracture origin.
