Table 2.
GRADE on data included in meta-analyses on the relationship between oral cancer and malnutrition.
| Quality Assessment Outcome: Oral Cancer Incidence in Patients with Malnutrition | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Question: Does malnutrition have an influence on oral cancer incidence? | ||||||
| Number of studies according to meta-analysis | Study design | Risk of bias | Inconsistency | Indirectness | Imprecision | Publication bias |
| Meta-analysis on folate effects (3 studies) |
cohort and case–control studies | medium | serious (a) | serious (b) | not serious | N/A |
| Meta-analysis on vitamin C effects (1 study) |
case–control study | medium | N/A | serious (b) | not serious | N/A |
| Meta-analysis on vitamin D effects (3 studies) |
cohort and case–control studies | medium | not serious | serious (b) | not serious | N/A |
(a) Due to high heterogeneity across studies. (b) Due to data indirectness.