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Foliar area loss (mean ± SE/standard error) in Heteropoterys pteropetala from December 2021 to November 2022. The response variable was herbivory; plant type (EFNsactive and EFNsinactive) was the predictor variable; months of the year and plant identification were the random variables. * = significant difference between the manipulations (Tukey’s post hoc: p < 0.05).
