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. 2024 Jan 29;16(3):389. doi: 10.3390/nu16030389

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Enhancing effect of CH and CB mixtures on mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes through regulating Nrf2 activation in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. (A) HO-1, SOD1, GPx1, GSTM1, and GSTP1 mRNA expressions were determined using qRT-PCR. Results are expressed by normalizing to an internal control, β-actin. (B) HO-1 protein expression was detected by Western blotting using specific antibodies. (C) Nrf2 and Keap1 protein expressions in the nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions were detected by Western blotting using specific antibodies. Relative density was expressed by normalizing it with PARP or β-actin, an internal control of nuclear or cytoplasmic fractions. Results are presented as mean ± SD of three independent experiments. ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001 vs. the non-stimulated macrophages; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. the LPS-stimulated macrophages. $ p < 0.05, $$$ p < 0.001 vs. the CH-treated macrophages. LPS, lipopolysaccharide; STI, Stillen®; CH, chestnut honey; KACH, kynurenic acid increased CH; CB, cabbage; CH + CB, a mixture of CH and CB; KACH + CB, a mixture of KACH and CB.