Table 1.
Qualitative screening of the extracts (where: + = presence; − = absence); the encoding of the extracts (L1–L4) is presented in Section 4.
| Class of Compounds |
Assay | Extract L1 | Extract L2 | Extract L3 | Extract L4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbohydrates | Carbohydrates (general)—Molisch | Purple-red solution (+) | Purple solution (+) | Dark purple solution (+) | Purple solution (+) |
| Carbohydrates (reducing sugars)—Benedict | Brick-red precipitate (+) | Dark red precipitate (+) | Dark red precipitate (+) | Red precipitate (+) | |
| Carbohydrates (reducing sugars)—Fehling | Brown-yellow solution (+) | Brown-yellow solution (+) | Brown-yellow solution (+) | Brown solution (+) | |
| Carbohydrates (reducing sugars)—Trommer | Red precipitate (+) | Red precipitate (+) | Red precipitate (+) | Red precipitate (+) | |
| Carbohydrates (reducing sugars)—Tollens | Black precipitate (+) | Black precipitate (+) | Black precipitate (+) | Black precipitate (+) | |
| Carbohydrates (reducing sugars)—Moore | Red-brown solution (+) | Red-brown solution (+) | Red-brown solution (+) | Red-brown solution (+) | |
| Carbohydrates (hexose sugars)—Seliwanoff | Cognac-red solution (+) | Red solution (+) | Dark red solution (+) | Dark red solution (+) | |
| Carbohydrates (hexose sugars)—Cobalt chloride | Lower layer-blue precipitate, upper layer-pink solution (+) | Lower layer-blue precipitate, upper layer-pink solution (+) | Lower layer-blue precipitate, upper layer-light pink solution (+) | Lower layer-blue precipitate, upper layer-light pink solution (+) | |
| Carbohydrates (hexose sugars)—Ammonium molibdate | Blue-green solution (+) | Blue-green solution (+) | Blue-green solution (+) | Blue-green solution (+) | |
| Tannins | Dark green solution (−) | Green solution (−) | Light green solution (−) | Light green solution (−) | |
| Saponins | 0.6 cm foam layer (+) | 0.8 cm foam layer (+) | 0.6 cm foam layer (+) | 1.2 cm foam layer (+) | |
| Alkaloids | Alkaloids—Wagner (Red-brown solution) | (+) | (+) | (+) | (+) |
| Alkaloids—Mayer (Light yellow solution) | (+) | (+) | (+) | (+) | |
| Alkaloids—Hager (Clear yellow solution) | (+) | (+) | (+) | (+) | |
| Proteins and aminoacids | Aminoacids—Ninhydrin test (Opalescent white-yellow solution) | (+) | (+) | (+) | (+) |
| Aminoacids—test for cysteine (Red-brown solution, black precipitate) | (+) | (+) | (+) | (+) | |
| Proteins—biuret test (Green solution) | (+) | (+) | (+) | (+) | |
| Proteins—Xantoprotein test (Light brown solution) | (+) | (+) | (+) | (+) | |
| Glycosides | Glycosides (cardiac)—FeCl3 reagent (Orange-yellow solution) | (−) | (−) | (−) | (−) |
| Glycosides (cardiac)—Keller–Killani test (Brown ring at the interface) | (−) | (−) | (−) | (−) | |
| Glycosides (anthraquinonic)—Borntrager test (Colorless lower layer, opalescent white upper layer) | (−) | (−) | (−) | (−) | |