| 1A. | Anthers provided with an apical gland between the theca of the anther | 2 |
| 1B. | Anthers without apical gland between theca | 4 |
| 2A. | Herbaceous plants, unarmed | Neptunia |
| 2B. | Creeping shrubby or arboreal plants, armed with spines | 3 |
| 3A. | Plants armed with stipular spines; creeping shrubs, growing in colonies; 50 cm tall or less; inflorescences arranged in spherical capitula | Strombocarpa |
| 3B. | Plants armed with axillary spines, uninodal, solitary or in pairs or in spinescent shoots; shrubby or treelike, erect, not growing in colonies, more than 1 m tall; inflorescences arranged in oblong spikes | Neltuma |
| 4A. | Plants armed with thorns or unarmed; shrubs with pink flower capitula and only 1–2 pairs of pinnae per leaf; fruit flattened, with a continuous and persistent margin, the valves separating from it when the legume matures, or with a tetragonal appearance (2 entire valves narrower or equal to the width of the persistent margin) separating into 2 equal valves and each of these dividing into 2 merivalves when the fruit ripens; inflorescence peduncles with or without spines | Mimosa |
| 4B. | Unarmed plants | 5 |
| 5A. | Prostrate herbaceous or sub-shrubs; fruit 9 mm wide or narrower, seeds arranged obliquely | Desmanthus |
| 5B. | Shrubs or trees; fruit 9 mm wide or wider; seeds arranged longitudinally, transversely, or obliquely | Leucaena |