Table 2.
(A) AMOVA and (B) gene diversity for five germplasm subsets defined according to K-means classification. (C) Above-diagonal elements (shades of green) of the matrix contain the average number of pairwise differences, while below-diagonal elements (shades of blue) correspond to pairwise Fst values. Diagonal elements (shades of orange) report the gene diversity within groups calculated as the mean number of pairwise differences. Significance was assessed upon 1000 permutations. All values are significant at p < 0.001.
| A. | ||||
| Source of variation | d.f. | Sum of squares | Variance components | Percentage of variation |
| Among populations | 3 | 18,361.74 | 32.18 | 3.25 |
| Within populations | 716 | 685,463.41 | 957.35 | 96.75 |
| Total | 719 | 703,825.14 | 989.53 | |
| Fst | 0.032 | |||
| B. | ||||
| Maize groups | No accessions | No polymorphic loci over 15,872 | Nei’s gene diversity | Mean number of pairwise differences |
| K4-1 | 119 | 15,868 | 0.1312 | 2081.88 |
| K4-2 | 63 | 15,243 | 0.1340 | 2042.19 |
| K4-3 | 22 | 12,864 | 0.1685 | 2167.74 |
| K4-4 | 156 | 15,857 | 0.1073 | 1701.07 |
| Mean value | 0.1352 | 1998.22 | ||
| LSD (p = 0.05) | 0.0010 | 14.97 | ||
| LSD (p = 0.001) | 0.0016 | 23.58 | ||
| C. | ||||
| Group | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| 1 | 2081.882 | 2090.928 | 2212.779 | 1936.086 |
| 2 | 0.014 | 2042.191 | 2222.115 | 1955.579 |
| 3 | 0.041 | 0.054 | 2167.744 | 2078.851 |
| 4 | 0.023 | 0.045 | 0.078 | 1701.074 |