. 2024 Jan 25;16(3):359. doi: 10.3390/nu16030359

Table 2.

Macronutrient intake among female athletes.

Macro- Nutrients	Norms		Results			Sports Discipline
Macro- Nutrients	% of Energy or g/Day	g/kg BW	% of Energy	g/Day	g/kg BW	Sports Discipline
Proteins	50 g/day	1.2–2.0	17 *	56	n/d	disabled athletes [61]
	n/d	1.2	14 * ^ArtGym 13 * ^Swim	55 * ^ArtGym 73 * ^Swim	1.0 ± 0.2 ^ArtGym 1.2 ± 0.2 ^Swim	artistic gymnastics, swimming [46]
	n/d	n/d	16 * ^ExAnov 14 * ^ExOvul 14 * ^ExLPD	58 * ^ExAnov 68 * ^ExOvul 70 * ^ExLPD	n/d	running [42]
	n/d	n/d	17	n/d	n/d	ballet [69]
	n/d	1.2–2.0	15 *	71	1.4 ± 0.6	running [45]
	83 g/day	1.4–1.7	19 *	72	1.2 ± 0.44	soccer [59]
	n/d	1.2–1.7	13 *	81	1.3 ± 0.3	dancing [47]
	n/d	n/d	13 ^AM 15 ^EU	68 * ^AM 83 * ^EU	n/d	endurance sports [14]
	n/d	1.2–2	21	98	1.5 ± 0.5	soccer [56]
	71 g/day	1.2–1.7	17	116 ± 26	2.0 ± 0.5	endurance sports [43]
	n/d	1.3–1.7	n/d	80 ^Interm 77 ^Advanced 82 ^Elite	1.3 (1.2–1.5) ^Interm 1.4 (1.2–1.6) ^Advanced 1.4 (1.2–1.9) ^Elite	climbing [50]
Carbohydrates	n/d	8–12	47 * ^ArtGym 54 * ^Swim	181 * ^ArtGym 305 * ^Swim	3.3 ± 0.8 ^ArtGym 5.1 ± 1.6 ^Swim	artistic gymnastics, swimming [46]
	n/d	5–7 ^{Up to 1 h exercise/day} 6–10 ^{1–3 h exercise/day}	41 *	192	3.0 ± 0.8	soccer [56]
	296 g/day	5–7	53 *	199	3.3 ± 1.2	soccer [59]
	130 g/day	n/d	49 *	164	n/d	disabled athletes [61]
	n/d	n/d	56	218*	n/d	ballet [69]
	n/d	n/d	62 * ^ExAnov 60 * ^ExOvul 57 * ^ExLPD	229 * ^ExAnov 285 * ^ExOvul 288 * ^ExLPD	n/d	running [42]
	n/d	6–10	53 *	255	4.9 ± 2.1	running [45]
	n/d	n/d	52 ^EU 57 ^AM	286 * ^EU 299 * ^AM	n/d	endurance sports [14]
	n/d	5–7	52 *	313	5.0 ± 1.0	dancing [47]
	353 g/day	6–10	53	369	6.4 ± 1.6	endurance sports [43]
	n/d	3–7	n/d	282 ^Interm 228 ^Advanced 253 ^Elite	4.6 (4.0–5.4) ^Interm 4.2 (3.4–5.3) ^Advanced 4.2 (4.2–5.8) ^Elite	climbing [50]
Fats	15–30%	n/d	34 *	52 *	n/d	disabled athletes [61]
	n/d	n/d	26	45 *	n/d	ballet [69]
	49.2 g/day	n/d	28	47	0.78 ± 0.39	soccer [59]
	n/d	n/d	22 * ^ExAnov 26 * ^ExOvul 29 * ^ExLPD	36 * ^ExAnov 54 * ^ExOvul 64 * ^ExLPD	n/d	running [42]
	30–40%	n/d	40 ^ArtGym 38 ^Swim	n/d	n/d	artistic gymnastics, swimming [46]
	n/d	n/d	28 ^EU,AM	68 ^EU 65 ^AM	n/d	endurance sports [14]
	n/d	n/d	32 *	69	n/d	running [45]
	20–35%	n/d	35	72	n/d	soccer [56]
	<30%	n/d	34	92	1.5 ± 0.4	dancing [47]
	20–35%	n/d	30	93	1.6 ± 0.5	endurance sports [43]
	n/d	n/d	n/d	70 ^Interm 60 ^Advanced 68 ^Elite	1.2 (1.0–1.6) ^Interm 1.1 (0.9–1.3) ^Advanced 1.2 (0.8–1.2) ^Elite	climbing [50]

Values are expressed as mean or median. For the data presented in terms of g/kg, the resulting figures are expressed in terms of the mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range). * In cases where the author presented a parameter in a different unit than that established in this review, general recalculations were performed where feasible. Abbreviations: AM—amenorrheic, ArtGym—artistic gymnasts, BW—body weight, EU—eumenorrheic, ExOvul—exercise/ovulatory, ExLPD—exercise/luteal phase deficiency, ExAnov—exercise/anovulatory, Interm—Intermediate, n/d—no data, Swim—swimmers.