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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Aug 10.
Published in final edited form as: J Addict Med. 2023 Aug 10;17(6):691–694. doi: 10.1097/ADM.0000000000001216

Table 2:

Survey Results: Demographics, Patterns of Drug Use, and experiences with Xylazine

Demographics
Age Range (N=51) Gender (N=51) Race (N=50) Geography (N=50)
Under 20 8% Male 67% White, Non-Hispanic 79% Northeast** 50%
20-29 33% Female 29% White, Hispanic 4% Southeast 14%
30-39 47% Non-Binary/Other 4% African American 4% Midwest 14%
40-49 12% Asian 5% Southwest 0%
Over 50 0% American Indian 4% West 10%
Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander 4% Other Country* 12%
Patterns of Drug Use
Intentionally seek out to buy drugs that contain xylazine (N=61) Drug use on a typical day (N=60) Method of xylazine exposure (N=61) Frequency of xylazine use (N=61)
Yes 26% Any Opioids 93% Inhalational (Smoking) 20% Daily 39%
No 74% Fentanyl 80% Intranasal (Snorting) 57% 1-6 times per week 19%
Cannabis 45% Injection 43% 1-4 times per month 15%
Stimulants 41% Oral 3% A few times per year/Rarely 27%
Benzodiazepines 21%
Hallucinogens 10%
 Experiences with Xylazine
Adverse Effects from xylazine use (N=48) Have you experienced withdrawal from xylazine? (N=59) What xylazine withdrawal symptoms have you experienced (N=35) How has withdrawing from other drugs changed since you started using xylazine? (N=51)
Increased overdoses/passing out 81% Yes 53% Body Aches 63% Worse 57%
Skin Wounds or Infections 43% No 47% Cravings 49% The Same 39%
Increased Emergency Room visits 17% Anxiety 91% Better 4%
Depressed Mood 74%
*

Included 2 responses from the United Kingdom, 2 responses from Canada, 1 response from Sweden, and 1 response from Ecuador.

**

Of the 25 responses that were included from a state in the Northeast, 12 responses were from Pennsylvania