Table 2.

Correlation between circulating TIMP-1 levels and clinical severity of ALI/ARDS.

Conclusions	P value	Reference
TIMP-1 levels: non-survivors>survivors	<0.001	69
TIMP-1 was independently associated with 90-day mortality	0.004
The mortality was significantly higher in patients with TIMP-1 levels exceeding 458.6 ng/mL than in patients with levels below the cutoff	<0.001
TIMP-1 levels were associated with the severity of hypoxemia	<0.05
MMP-8/TIMP-1 ratio was not correlated with 90-day mortality	>0.05
TIMP-1 correlated with MMP-8 (r = 0.247), CRP (r = 0.409), SOFA score (r = 0.323), and SAPS II score (r = 0.162) at 24 h from ICU admission	<0.001
TIMP-1 negatively correlated with PaO2/FiO2 ratio (r = −0.260)	<0.001
TIMP-1 levels were associated with ARDS	0.01	70
TIMP-1 levels were associated with 30-day mortality	0.02
MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratios were associated with the increased risk of ARDS	0.02
MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratios were associated with the increased risk of 30-day mortality	<0.01
TIMP-1 and MMP-9 show a negative correlation (r = −0.32)	<0.01
TIMP-1 and MMP-3 show a positive correlation (r = 0.38)	<0.01
TIMP-1 levels: ARDS patients>normal subjects	<0.001	71
TIMP-1 levels: No difference between female and male ARDS patients	0.481
TIMP-1 levels: non-survivors > survivors in female patients	<0.001
TIMP-1 levels: no difference between non-survivors and survivors in male patients	0.649
The 90-day mortality was significantly higher in female patients with TIMP-1 levels exceeding 159.7 ng/mL than in patients with levels below the cutoff	<0.001

ALI: Acute lung injury; ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; CRP: C-reactive protein; ICU: Intensive Care Unit; MMP: Metalloprotease; PaO₂/FiO₂: Partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio; SAPS: Simplified Acute Physiology Score; SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; TIMP: Tissue inhibitors of metalloprotease.