Table 1.
Characteristics of participants according to different stages of sarcopenia
| Non-sarcopenia n=2291 |
Normal-sarcopenia n=354 |
Severe-sarcopenia n=242 |
P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assessment of sarcopenia | ||||
| ASMI (kg/m2) | 7.16 (7.10–7.21) | 5.90 (5.82–5.98) | 5.72 (5.62–5.82) | <0.001 |
| Grip strength (kg) | 26.3 (26.0–26.7) | 23.4 (22.7–24.0) | 19.0 (18.4–19.7) | <0.001 |
| gait speed (m/s) | 1.06 (1.05–1.07) | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) | 0.83 (0.81–0.85) | <0.001 |
| Demographics | ||||
| Age (years) | 71.2 (71.0–71.4) | 73.5 (72.9–74.1) | 77.4 (76.6–78.1) | <0.001 |
| Males, n (%) | 1104 (48.2) | 203 (52.2) | 138 (57.0) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.8 (24.7–25.0) | 21.9 (21.6–22.2) | 21.8 (21.4–22.3) | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 84.2 (83.8–84.6) | 78.1 (77.2–79.1) | 78.6 (77.4–79.8) | <0.001 |
| Marriage status (%) | 0.001 | |||
| Married, n (%) | 1941 (84.7) | 280 (79.1) | 180 (74.4) | |
| Unmarried, n (%) | 40 (1.7) | 11 (3.1) | 6 (2.5) | |
| Divorce, n (%) | 4 (0.2) | 1 (0.3) | / | |
| Widowed, n (%) | 306 (13.4) | 62 (17.5) | 56 (23.1) | |
| Residency | <0.001 | |||
| Live alone, n (%) | 344 (15.0) | 74 (20.9) | 51 (21.1) | |
| Live with spouse, n (%) | 1428 (62.3) | 191 (54.0) | 108 (44.6) | |
| Live with children, n (%) | 195 (8.5) | 36 (10.2) | 48 (20.0) | |
| Live with spouse and children, n (%) | 324 (14.1) | 53 (15.0) | 35 (14.5) | |
| Income sources | <0.001 | |||
| Pension, n (%) | 69 (3.0) | 12 (3.4) | 4 (1.7) | |
| Child supply, n (%) | 125 (5.5) | 28 (7.9) | 24 (9.9) | |
| Spouse supply, n (%) | 49 (2.1) | 6 (1.7) | 2 (0.8) | |
| Government assistance, n (%) | 30 (1.3) | 10 (2.8) | 15 (6.2) | |
| Social endowment insurance, n (%) | 623 (27.2) | 91 (25.7) | 68 (28.1) | |
| Others, n (%) | 80 (3.49) | 11 (3.1) | 5 (2.1) | |
| Any two items, n (%) | 1315 (57.4) | 196 (55.4) | 124 (51.2) | |
| Payment methods for medical expenses | 0.724 | |||
| Basic medical insurance for urban residents, n (%) | 20 (0.9) | 4 (1.1) | 1 (0.4) | |
| Basic medical insurance for urban employees, n (%) | 52 (2.3) | 4 (1.1) | 5 (2.1) | |
| All at own expense, n (%) | 3 (0.1) | 1 (0.3) | / | |
| New rural cooperative medical care, n (%) | 2216 (96.7) | 345 (97.5) | 236 (97.5) | |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 889 (38.8) | 99 (28.0) | 86 (35.5) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 252 (11.0) | 20 (5.7) | 24 (9.9) | 0.008 |
| Lab panel | ||||
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.78 (4.73–4.83) | 4.80 (4.68–4.92) | 4.70 (4.55–4.85) | 0.544 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.62 (1.58–1.67) | 1.36 (1.29–1.44) | 1.57 (1.15–1.99) | <0.001 |
| High-density lipoprotein (mmol/L) | 1.48 (1.46–1.49) | 1.56 (1.53–1.60) | 1.56 (1.51–1.61) | <0.001 |
| Low-density lipoprotein (mmol/L) | 2.10 (2.07–2.12) | 2.09 (2.02–2.16) | 2.03 (1.95–2.11) | 0.343 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 5.82 (5.76–5.87) | 5.66 (5.49–5.83) | 5.68 (5.49–5.87) | 0.073 |
| Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) | 19.6 (18.9–20.2) | 15.7 (14.6–16.8) | 15.9 (14.2–17.6) | <0.001 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | 25.3 (24.8–25.8) | 24.5 (23.5–25.6) | 26.0 (23.9–28.0) | 0.320 |
| Total bilirubin (μmol/L) | 13.8 (13.6–14.1) | 13.4 (12.8–14.0) | 13.2 (12.4–14.0) | 0.221 |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 129.9 (129.3–130.4) | 127.7 (126.2–129.2) | 125.3 (123.4–127.3) | <0.001 |
| Platelet (×109/L) | 146.7 (144.6–148.7) | 142.1 (137.2–147.0) | 152.7 (145.1–160.2) | 0.052 |
| Leukocyte (×109/L) | 5.54 (5.48–5.60) | 5.45 (5.28–5.61) | 5.60 (5.37–5.83) | 0.498 |
Continuous variables were reported as median with interquartile range
ASMI appendicular muscle mass index