Table 2.
Associations of health-related quality of life, socioeconomic status, and lifestyle with sarcopenia risk
| Number of subjects | Crude OR (95% CI) | P | Adjusted OR (95% CI)a | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Waist circumference | 2287 | 1.01 (1.00–1.03) | 0.088 | 1.00 (0.98–1.03) | 0.632 |
| Body mass index | 2287 | 0.74 (0.70–0.78) | <0.001 | 0.77 (0.73–0.80) | <0.001 |
| EQ-5D-3L | |||||
| Continuous | 2287 | 0.10 (0.03–0.38) | <0.001 | 0.12 (0.03–0.46) | 0.002 |
| Categorical | 2287 | ||||
| <1 | 1242 | 1 | / | 1 | / |
| ≥1 | 1645 | 0.87 (0.70–0.97) | 0.046 | 0.85 (0.69–0.95) | 0.034 |
| Income | |||||
| Continuousb | 2287 | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 0.033 | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 0.042 |
| Categorical | 2287 | ||||
| ≤ ¥2000 | 789 | 1 | / | 1 | / |
| ¥2000–5000 | 990 | 0.57 (0.44–0.74) | <0.001 | 0.64 (0.50–0.83) | 0.001 |
| ≥ ¥5000 | 1108 | 0.77 (0.60–0.99) | 0.034 | 0.74 (0.57–0.95) | 0.019 |
| Educational attainment | |||||
| Illiteracy/ Semi-illiteracy | 1313 | 1 | / | 1 | / |
| Primary school | 973 | 1.37 (0.63–2.96) | 0.412 | 1.10 (0.50–2.42) | 0.820 |
| Middle school | 541 | 1.05 (0.48–2.28) | 0.897 | 0.80 (0.36–1.74) | 0.569 |
| High school or college | 60 | 0.89 (0.40–1.96) | 0.756 | 0.81 (0.37–1.81) | 0.615 |
| Drinking frequency | |||||
| Non-drinker | 2286 | 1 | / | 1 | / |
| Occasional drinker | 128 | 1.36 (1.00–1.85) | 0.038 | 1.46 (1.07–2.00) | 0.016 |
| Moderate drinker | 473 | 1.00 (0.55–1.81) | 0.986 | 0.99 (0.55–1.77) | 0.974 |
| Spicy frequency | |||||
| Never | 2407 | 1 | / | 1 | / |
| Regular consumers | 480 | 1.43(1.06–1.94) | 0.014 | 1.34 (1.09–1.81) | 0.037 |
| Breakfast | |||||
| Everyday | 2816 | 1 | / | 1 | / |
| Skip occasionally | 71 | 0.39 (0.23–0.68) | <0.001 | 0.37 (0.21–0.64) | <0.001 |
| Salt intake | |||||
| High | 342 | 1 | / | 1 | / |
| Moderate | 1914 | 0.65 (0.48–0.88) | 0.003 | 0.71 (0.52–0.96) | 0.026 |
| Low | 631 | 0.72 (0.51–1.02) | 0.050 | 0.79 (0.56–1.12) | 0.187 |
| Nut intake | |||||
| Yes | 360 | 1 | / | 1 | / |
| No | 2527 | 0.79 (0.56–1.11) | 0.148 | 0.78 (0.56–1.09) | 0.148 |
| Water intake | |||||
| Much | 948 | 1 | / | 1 | / |
| Moderate | 1612 | 1.14 (0.82–1.60) | 0.414 | 1.09 (0.78–1.53) | 0.610 |
| Little | 327 | 0.96 (0.70–1.32) | 0.801 | 0.94 (0.69–1.29) | 0.701 |
Drinking frequency: non-drinker (never); occasional drinker (≤ 1.43 g/day); moderate drinker (>1.43 g/day). Spicy frequency: the subjects who consumed spicy food at least once per week were defined as “regular consumers”. Salt intake: low (<3 g/day); moderate (3–5 g/day); high (5 g/day). Water intake: little (<0.5 L/day); moderate (0.5–1.5 L/day); much (>1.5 L/day)
EQ-5D-3L, Euro-QoL-Five Dimensions-three levels
aadjusted for age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, marriage status, and residency status. For waist circumference, OR was calculated after adjustment for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, marriage status, and residency status
bOR (95%CI) was calculated for every 1000-Yuan increment