Table 3. Change in Brain Parameters Among Patients Who Underwent Bariatric Surgery (n = 63).
| Measure | Mean (SD) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 24 mo | ||
| Brain volume, % ICVa | |||
| Hippocampus | 0.572 (0.042) | 0.570 (0.041) | .31 |
| Amygdala | 0.233 (0.022) | 0.229 (0.019 | .002 |
| Nucleus accumbens | 0.067 (0.009) | 0.064 (0.009) | .86 |
| Caudate nucleus | 0.481 (0.047) | 0.473 (0.047) | <.001 |
| Putamen | 0.668 (0.062) | 0.657 (0.060) | <.001 |
| Cingulate gyrus | 1.234 (0.094 | 1.184 (0.101) | <.001 |
| Frontal cortex | 10.783 (0.700) | 10.294 (0.810) | .56 |
| Insula | 0.870 (0.660) | 0.85 (0.059) | <.001 |
| Occipital cortex | 2.868 (0.335) | 2.791 (0.284) | .002 |
| Parietal cortexb | 7.384 (0.613) | 7.149 (0.690) | <.001 |
| Temporal cortex | 6.501 (0.511) | 6.222 (0.565) | <.001 |
| WM | 31.889 (1.844) | 32.034 (1.747) | .13 |
| GM | 41.337 (2.134) | 40.707 (2.021) | <.001 |
| Cortical thickness, mma | |||
| Cingulate gyrus | 2.398 (0.084) | 2.369 (0.075) | <.001 |
| Frontal cortex | 2.552 (0.010) | 2.510 (0.091) | <.001 |
| Insula | 2.884 (0.106) | 2.859 (0.101) | .01 |
| Occipital cortex | 1.935 (0.089) | 1.902 (0.098) | .004 |
| Parietal cortexb | 2.392 (0.091) | 2.361 (0.089) | <.001 |
| Temporal cortex | 2.724 (0.101) | 2.761 (0.110) | .007 |
| GM | 2.450 (0.085) | 2.413 (0.082) | <.001 |
| CBF, mL/100 g/minc | |||
| Nucleus accumbensd | 37.008 (14.002) | 34.539 (14.571) | .08 |
| Caudate nucleus | 36.044 (9.859) | 31.836 (9.957) | .003 |
| Putamen | 38.560 (8.583) | 34.349 (7.790) | .001 |
| Frontal cortex | 47.205 (8.788) | 43.487 (8.870) | .001 |
| Insula | 47.065 (8.516) | 42.672 (8.110) | <.001 |
| Occipital cortex | 51.865 (8.564) | 48.252 (8.806) | .008 |
| Parietal cortexe | 51.402 (8.924) | 49.643 (9.089) | .14 |
| Temporal cortex | 52.643 (8.850) | 49.615 (10.270) | .07 |
| GM | 46.213 (7.686) | 42.671 (7.803) | <.001 |
| sCOV, median (IQR), %c | |||
| Nucleus accumbensd | 4.29 (3.31-6.16) | 4.32 (3.32-6.67) | .95 |
| Caudate nucleus | 3.82 (3.13-4.55) | 3.89 (3.18-5.13) | .03 |
| Putamen | 2.36 (2.12-2.30) | 2.58 (2.21-3.08) | .35 |
| Frontal cortex | 3.63 (3.05-4.40) | 3.62 (3.31-4.37) | .94 |
| Insula | 3.03 (2.74-3.42) | 3.16 (2.78-3.68) | .65 |
| Occipital cortex | 5.78 (5.16-7.01) | 5.45 (4.80-6.41) | .19 |
| Parietal cortex | 4.90 (4.42-5.86) | 4.89 (4.34-5.63) | .59 |
| Temporal cortex | 4.41 (3.83-5.18) | 3.97 (3.71-4.59) | .02 |
| GM | 3.92 (3.45-4.59) | 4.00 (3.56-4.49) | .96 |
| WM integrity | |||
| MSMD, 10−4 mm2/s | 3.387 (0.108) | 3.446 (0.103) | <.001 |
| WMH volume, median (IQR), mL | 0.108 (0.025-0.258) | 0.103 (0.033-0.256) | .12 |
Abbreviations: CBF, cerebral blood flow; GM, gray matter; ICV, intracranial volume; MSMD, mean skeletonized mean diffusivity; sCOV, spatial coefficient of variation; WM, white matter; WMH, white matter hyperintensity.
a
Complete data on both time points were available for 61 participants.
b
Complete data on both time points were available for 60 participants.
c
Complete data on both time points were available for 59 participants.
d
Complete data on both time points were available for 49 participants.
e
Complete data on both time points were available for 58 participants.