Table 3.

Target group involvement, app use, and outcomes.

Authors	Target group	Involvement	App use	Outcomes reported
Sardi et al [67]	Mothers and infants	App development	N/Aa (app in development phase)	Clinical staff examined app features and functionalities. A future study with mothers is planned.
Wiweko et al [28]	Mothers	Implementation phase	Mothers	App provides pregnant people directions to nearest health centers, access to medical staff, and saves patient’s medical records to easily obtain professional help needed immediately.
Chaudhry et al [16]	Mothers and infants	App development	Pregnant people	Low use by both providers and mothers.
Meedya et al [63]	Mothers	App development	Breastfeeding mothers	App was piloted with, and revised based on, mothers’ feedback.
Bush et al [65]	Pregnant people	NRb	Pregnant people	There was a statistically significant increase in the completion of prenatal visits (P=.02). There was an association between the use of the app and lowered incidence of low birth weight infants (P=.06).
Shorey et al [58]	Postnatal mothers and fathers	Research process	Postnatal mothers and fathers	There was an increase in the parenting confidence of new parents, better perceived social support (parents were encouraged to proactively seek help), and greater parenting satisfaction.
Shorey and Ng [51]	Postnatal mothers and fathers	Research process	Postnatal mothers and fathers	There was an increase in the parenting confidence of new parents, better perceived social support (parents were encouraged to proactively seek help), and greater parenting satisfaction.
Shorey et al [52]	Postnatal mothers and fathers	Research process	Postnatal mothers and fathers	There was an increase in the parenting confidence of new parents, better perceived social support (parents were encouraged to proactively seek help), and greater parenting satisfaction.
Shorey et al [53]	Postnatal mothers and fathers	Research process	Postnatal mothers and fathers	There was an increase in the parenting confidence of new parents, better perceived social support (parents were encouraged to proactively seek help), and greater parenting satisfaction.
Shorey et al [54]	Postnatal mothers and fathers	Research process	Postnatal mothers and fathers	There was an increase in the parenting confidence of new parents, better perceived social support (parents were encouraged to proactively seek help), and greater parenting satisfaction.
Nasir et al [14]	Pregnant people and mothers	No community involvement	Pregnant people and mothers	The number of participants who downloaded the app was reported. Having other apps (ORc 6.17; P<.01), staff knowledge of the app (OR 11.82; P<.01), using the Internet as a source of medical information (OR 1.63; P=.01) and having internet access at home (OR 1.46; P=.05) were associated with app download.
Cawley et al [66]	Mothers and infants	Research process	Pregnant people	The app provided access to personalized and evidence-based health information. The app was associated with an increase in healthy behaviors and health knowledge.
Scott et al [57]	Mothers and fathers	Research process	Fathers	The study did not demonstrate a measurable impact of father-focused support for breastfeeding.
White et al [59]	Mothers and fathers	Research process	Fathers	The study did not demonstrate a measurable impact of father-focused support for breastfeeding.
White et al [60]	Mothers and fathers	Research process	Fathers	The study did not demonstrate a measurable impact of father-focused support for breastfeeding.
White et al [61]	Mothers and fathers	Research process	Fathers	The study did not demonstrate a measurable impact of father-focused support for breastfeeding.
White and Scott [62]	Mothers and fathers	Research process	Fathers	The study did not demonstrate a measurable impact of father-focused support for breastfeeding.
Kayastha et al [7]	Pregnant people and mothers	App development	Pregnant people and mothers	Participants gained more knowledge on maternal health than on neonatal health.
Mueller et al [8]	Pregnant people and mothers	App development	Pregnant people and mothers	Participants gained more knowledge on maternal health than on neonatal health.
Mueller et al [9]	Pregnant people and mothers	App development	Pregnant people and mothers	Participants gained more knowledge on maternal health than on neonatal health.
Dalton et al [64]	Mothers	App development	Pregnant people	There was a high rate of noncompletion among study participants.

^aN/A: not applicable.

^bNR: not reported.

^cOR: odds ratio.