Table 2.
Baseline Characteristics: Vital signs and Biomarkers in hospitalized COVID-19 patients
| Hospitalized COVID-19 patients | AKI | No AKI | p AKI vs. no AKI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 128 | 22 | 106 | |
| Age (y) a | 58.1 ± 14.5 | 64.2 ± 14.7 | 56.8 ± 14.2 | .031 b |
| Sex, % male (n) | 57.0 (73) | 68.2 (15) | 54.7 (58) | .344 c |
| Vital signs at admission to ED | ||||
| Heart rate (b.p.m.) a | 88 ± 15.9 | 94 ± 18.4 | 87 ± 15.1 | .074 d |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) a | 130 ± 20.3 | 130 ± 23.3 | 130 ± 19.7 | .960 d |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) a | 82 ± 16.9 | 77 ± 17.3 | 83 ± 16.7 | .177 d |
| Oxygen demand, % (n) | 53.9 (69) | 63.6 (14) | 51.9 (55) | .355 c |
| Respiratory rate (/min) a | 23 ± 6.0 | 26 ± 6.2 | 22 ± 5.8 | .007 d |
| NEWS-2 e | 4 (2–6.75) | 7 (4–9) | 4 (2–6) | < .001 b |
| Biomarkers | ||||
| bio-ADM (pg/ml) e | 37.8 (26.6–56.2) | 60.0 (46.0–105.9) | 35.0 (23.7–50.0) | < .001 b |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) e | 39.5 (18.5–77.1) | 111.0 (61.7–288.0) | 33.9 (16.9–61.3) | < .001 b |
| bio-ADM*IL-6 (pg/ml x pg/ml) e | 1610.3 (560.0–3817.4) | 9807.0 (2847.4–32,699.1) | 1103.0 (502.1–2437.7) | < .001 b |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dl) e | 0.93 (0.77–1.31) | 1.18 (1.00–1.57) | 0.88 (0.74–1.20) | < .001 b |
| dpp3 (ng/ml) e | 21.5 (16.0–32.8) | 31.6 (20.0–54.1) | 19.4 (15.2–30.0) | .004 b |
| hsTnT (ng/l) e | 9.2 (5.8–16.7) | 26.3 (13.1–54.5) | 8.6 (5.4–13.7) | < .001 b |
| NT-proBNP (pg/ml) e | 104.5 (50.0–390.8) | 699.0 (134.8–3144.0) | 75.0 (50.0–291.3) | < .001 b |
| White blood cell count (n/nl) e | 5.74 (4.15–7.96) | 7.25 (4.99–11.71) | 5.50 (4.02–7.43) | .010 b |
| CRP (mg/dl) e | 52.7 (24.8–96.4) | 117.5 (63.9–163.0) | 44.9 (22.0–82.5) | < .001 b |
| Procalcitonin (ng/ml) e | 0.09 (0.06–0.18) | 0.30 (0.11–0.44) | 0.08 (0.06–0.14) | < .001 b |
a Mean ± standard deviation
b Mann–Whitney-U
c Fisher’s exact test
d Student’s t-test
e Median (interquartile range)