Table 1.

The demographic and measurement data for the study (N = 130)

Variables	Navigation group	Guide plate group	Free hand group	F-value	P
Number of subjects	28	26	30
Sex (max/females)	16/12	12/14	16/14
Age	45.8 ± 16.48	50.32 ± 19.24	48.75 ± 15.63	1.865	0.37
Distance from nerve(mm)	2.68 ± 0.50	1.97 ± 0.17	1.21 ± 0.33	12.51	0.0072**
Implant depth (mm)	12.73 ± 0.93	11.26 ± 0.69	10.24 ± 1.41	5.574	0.0266*
neck deviation(mm)	0.55 ± 0.08	0.73 ± 0.10	1.28 ± 0.12	21.66	0.0018**
root deviation(mm)	0.52 ± 0.13	1.33 ± 0.42	2.22 ± 0.30	23.31	0.0015**
depth deviation(mm)	0.43 ± 0.14	0.49 ± 0.11	0.53 ± 0.09	1.009	0.4191
angle deviation	0.88 ± 0.45	1.77 ± 0.30	3.52 ± 1.03	12.87	0.0068**

*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01