Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of adults and children with a positive or negative SARS-CoV-2 test result
| Characteristic | Adults (≥20 years old) | Children and young adults (0 -19 years) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-hospitalized | Hospitalized | Non-hospitalized | Hospitalized | |||||
| Positive | Negative | Positive | Negative | Positive | Negative | Positive | Negative | |
| No. with a SARS-CoV-2 test during March 1st, 2020—May 31st, 2021 AND had any diagnosis in the 540 to 31 days prior to the index date AND a diagnosis in the 31 to 150 days following the index date | 270441 | 2102408 | 45808 | 672923 | 59374 | 520,816 | 2757 | 92696 |
| Age in years, mean (SD) | 48.9 (16.8) | 52.8 (17.4) | 59.9 (17.3) | 55.9 (18.4) | 10.2 (6.1) | 8.3 (6.1) | 10.3 (6.5) | 8.9 (6.3) |
| Age Group, years (N, % of patients) | ||||||||
| 0 - < 1 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 4969 (8.4) | 51144 (9.8) | 320 (11.6) | 11649 (12.6) |
| 1 - < 2 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 3769 (6.3) | 50312 (9.7) | 189 (6.9) | 7415 (8.0) |
| 2 - < 6 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 8797 (14.8) | 114730 (22.0) | 373 (13.5) | 16778 (18.1) |
| 6 - < 13 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 14983 (25.2) | 142459 (27.4) | 538 (19.5) | 22058 (23.8) |
| 13 - < 18 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 18512 (31.2) | 115487 (22.2) | 883 (32.0) | 25433 (27.4) |
| 18 - < 20 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 8344 (14.1) | 46684 (9.0) | 454 (16.5) | 9363 (10.1) |
| 20 - < 40 | 89892 (33.2) | 571146 (27.2) | 7361 (16.1) | 172046 (25.6) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| 40 - < 55 | 75190 (27.8) | 492470 (23.4) | 8365 (18.3) | 117210 (17.4) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| 55 - < 65 | 51300 (19.0) | 421607 (20.1) | 9867 (21.5) | 128344 (19.1) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| 65 - < 75 | 34331 (12.7) | 379716 (18.1) | 10064 (22.0) | 138562 (20.6) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| 75 - < 85 | 15191 (5.6) | 185106 (8.8) | 7176 (15.7) | 85028 (12.6) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| 85 + | 4537 (1.7) | 52363 (2.5) | 2975 (6.5) | 31733 (4.7) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Sex (N, % of patients) | ||||||||
| Female | 170017 (62.9) | 1292859 (61.5) | 24975 (54.5) | 405346 (60.2) | 30502 (51.4) | 255450 (49.0) | 1406 (51.0) | 46404 (50.1) |
| Male | 100409 (37.1) | 809350 (38.5) | 20829 (45.5) | 267541 (39.8) | 28868 (48.6) | 265341 (51.0) | 1351 (49.0) | 46286 (49.9) |
| Other/Missinga | 13 (0.0) | 199 (0.0) | 1–5 (0.0) | 26 (0.0) | 1–5 (0.0) | 25 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 6–10 (0.0) |
| Race (N, % of patients) | ||||||||
| Asian | 7158 (2.6) | 61996 (2.9) | 1140 (2.5) | 17951 (2.7) | 1620 (2.7) | 15509 (3.0) | 70 (2.5) | 3179 (3.4) |
| Black or African American | 42899 (15.9) | 329438 (15.7) | 11906 (26.0) | 121268 (18.0) | 9874 (16.6) | 79953 (15.4) | 686 (24.9) | 16630 (17.9) |
| White | 186703 (69.0) | 1474317 (70.1) | 24631 (53.8) | 461579 (68.6) | 37308 (62.8) | 338040 (64.9) | 1268 (46.0) | 56192 (60.6) |
| Otherb | 21417 (7.9) | 150712 (7.2) | 6161 (13.4) | 52651 (7.8) | 6768 (11.4) | 55905 (10.7) | 582 (21.1) | 12626 (13.6) |
| Missingc | 12254 (4.5) | 85945 (4.1) | 1962 (4.3) | 19471 (2.9) | 3788 (6.4) | 31405 (6.0) | 151 (5.5) | 4056 (4.4) |
| Ethnicity (N, % of patients) | ||||||||
| Hispanic | 44275 (16.4) | 201931 (9.6) | 8455 (18.5) | 63904 (9.5) | 13739 (23.1) | 83228 (16.0) | 781 (28.3) | 14557 (15.7) |
| Non-Hispanic | 206370 (76.3) | 1683892 (80.1) | 34761 (75.9) | 569136 (84.6) | 42440 (71.5) | 401034 (77.0) | 1898 (68.8) | 74749 (80.6) |
| Other | 1491 (0.6) | 23112 (1.1) | 50 (0.1) | 643 (0.1) | 173 (0.3) | 2147 (0.4) | 1–5 (0.0) | 353 (0.4) |
| Missingc | 18305 (6.8) | 193473 (9.2) | 2538 (5.5) | 39237 (5.8) | 3014 (5.1) | 34407 (6.6) | 76–80 (2.8) | 3035 (3.3) |
| BMI (N, % of patients) | ||||||||
| Obesityd | 97082 (35.9) | 661683 (31.5) | 18889 (41.2) | 243020 (36.1) | 9372 (15.8) | 74928 (14.4) | 582 (21.1) | 15767 (17.0) |
| Missing BMI | 72210 (26.7) | 511513 (24.3) | 9946 (21.7) | 115278 (17.1) | 16826 (28.3) | 135253 (26.0) | 546 (19.8) | 16783 (18.1) |
| Number of visits in the 31 to 150 days before the index event, mean (SD) | 5.4 (6.8) | 5.5 (6.8) | 7.6 (9.0) | 8.0 (8.4) | 3.7 (5.7) | 4.0 (6.3) | 10.8 (13.4) | 7.7 (9.9) |
| Dexamethasone use (N, % of patients) | 8822 (3.3) | 188156 (8.9) | 16112 (35.2) | 143911 (21.4) | 634 (1.1) | 52284 (10.0) | 511 (18.5) | 27072 (29.2) |
| Length of hospital stay, days, mean (SD) | NA | NA | 7.3 (139.8) | 1.1 (277.7) | NA | NA | 6.2 (12.7) | 4.6 (41.9) |
| Mechanical ventilation (N, % of patients) | 690 (0.3) | 4484 (0.2) | 2116 (4.6) | 18520 (2.8) | 57 (0.1) | 2275 (0.4) | 158 (5.7) | 4305 (4.6) |
| Current smoker e (N, % of patients) | 15923 (5.9) | 176664 (8.4) | 2257 (4.9) | 59378 (8.8) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Combined comorbidity score, f mean (SD) | 1.0 (2.1) | 1.3 (2.3) | 2.7 (3.3) | 2.1 (2.9) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Abbreviations: BMI Body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared), NA Not applicable
aOther/missing sex includes no information, unknown, and other
bOther race includes native Hawaiian or other pacific islander, American Indian or Alaska Native, multiple race, and all other races
cMissing race and ethnicity includes refuse to answer, no information, unknown, and missing values
dFor children, obesity was defined as BMI greater or equal to 95th percentile; for adults, obesity was defined as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2
eSmoking status was ascertained based on information in the EHR data. Smoking status was assessed for adults only
fCombined comorbidity score was defined based on Gagne et al.’s combined comorbidity score. Combined comorbidity was assessed for adults only