Table 1.
Characteristics of the three independent study populationsa
| Characteristic | NFBC1966 | NFBC1986 | YFS |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 4505 | 1010 | 474 |
| Age (years) | 46.7 (46.2–47.1) | 33.7 (33.4–34.1) | 50.1 (31.3–68.5) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26 (23–29) | 25 (23–28) | 27 (24–30) |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.91 (0.85–0.97) | 0.91 (0.87–0.97) | |
| Body fat (%) | 28 (22–35) | 26 (20–34) | |
| Visceral fat area (cm2) | 99 (76–127) | 81 (59–121) | |
| Total body water (L) | 39 (34–47) | 39 (33–47) | |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 124 (114–135) | 111 (103–120) | 128 (117–142) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 84 (77–92) | 74 (68–80) | 78 (71–85) |
| Pulse (beats/min) | 69 (62–77) | 71 (64–79) | 69 (62–77) |
| Fitness score | 74 (69–79) | 75 (70–80) | |
| Basal metabolic rate (calories) | 1509 (1358–1756) | 1520 (1353–1753) | |
| Grip strength average (kg) | 32 (26–45) | 35 (30–47) | |
| Smoking prevalence (%)b | 17.5 | 14 | 18.7 |
| Leucine (mmol/L) | 0.08 (0.07–0.10) | 0.12 (0.10–0.14) | |
| Isoleucine (mmol/L) | 0.05 (0.05–0.07) | 0.06 (0.05–0.07) | |
| Valine (mmol/L) | 0.20 (0.18–0.23) | 0.23 (0.21–0.26) | |
| Alanine (mmol/L) | 0.45 (0.41–0.5) | 0.37 (0.32–0.43) | |
| Glutamine (mmol/L) | 0.57 (0.53–0.61) | 0.75 (0.70–0.80) | |
| Glycine (mmol/L) | 0.29 (0.26–0.33) | 0.26 (0.23–0.32) | |
| Phenylalanine (mmol/L) | 0.08 (0.07–0.08) | 0.06 (0.05–0.07) | |
| Tyrosine (mmol/L) | 0.06 (0.05–0.06) | 0.06 (0.06–0.07) | |
| Glycated haemoglobin (%) | 5.5 (5.2–5.7) | 5.2 (5.0–5.4) | 5.5 (5.3–5.8) |
| Fasting insulin (IU/L) | 7.9 (5.4–11.7) | 9.2 (5.4–13.4) | |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 5.4 (5.1–5.8) | 4.9 (4.7–5.2) | 5.4 (5.1–5.8) |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | 1.4 (1.2–1.7) | 2.0 (1.7–2.4) | |
| Pyruvate (mmol/L) | 0.09 (0.08–0.12) | 0.06 (0.05–0.08) | |
| Citrate (mmol/L) | 0.12 (0.11–0.13) | 0.04 (0.04–0.05) | |
| Glycerol (mmol/L) | 0.07 (0.06–0.09) | 0.12 (0.09–0.15) | |
| Apolipoprotein B (g/L) | 1.02 (0.88–1.2) | 0.93 (0.79–1.11) | |
| Total triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.03 (0.76–1.47) | 0.78 (0.57–1.09) | 1.13 (0.85–1.55) |
| Apolipoprotein A-I (g/L) | 1.7 (1.6–1.9) | 1.5 (1.4–1.7) | |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.5 (1.3–1.8) | 1.4 (1.2–1.7) | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) |
| Acetoacetate (mmol/L) | 0.04 (0.03–0.05) | 0.02 (0.01–0.04) | |
| Beta-hydroxybutyrate (mmol/L) | 0.12 (0.10–0.16) | 0.05 (0.02–0.11) | |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 0.82 (0.45–1.65) | 0.71 (0.36–1.55) | 1.03 (0.53–2.37) |
| GlycA (mmol/L) | 1.4 (1.3–1.5) | 0.89 (0.81–0.96) | |
| Haemoglobin (g/L) | 141 (132–150) | 136 (128–146) | 144 (137–152) |
| Leukocytes (× 109 cells/L) | 5.4 (4.5–6.4) | 6.1 (5.2–7.1) | |
| Platelets (× 109 cells/L) | 247 (215–286) | 239 (210–274) | 254 (219–292) |
| Erythrocytes (× 1012 cells/L) | 4.7 (4.4–4.9) | 4.6 (4.3–4.9) | 4.8 (4.5–5.1) |
| Bilirubin (µmol/L) | 11 (9–15) | 12 (9–16) | |
| Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) | 61 (51–73) | 55 (45–66) | |
| Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) | 25 (18–36) | 21 (16–31) | 22 (15–31) |
| Gamma-glutamyl transferase (U/L) | 23 (15–38) | 15 (11–24) | 24 (17–38) |
| Uric acid (µmol/L) | 297 (249–353) | 303 (252–356) | |
| Creatinine (µmol/L) | 67 (59–75) | 65 (58–74) | 76 (67–87) |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | 104 (95–107) | 115 (107–118) | 87 (75–100) |
| FINRISK | 0.57 (0.20–1.66) | 0.10 (0.04–0.32) | 1.19 (0.2–6.62) |
| CKD Nelson risk | 1.4 (1.0–2.4) | 0.29 (0.23–0.47) | 6.6 (1.2–31.7) |
| CKD O’Seaghdha risk | 0.76 (0.76–1.61) | 0.24 (0.23–0.25) | 3.65 (0.50–20.89) |
| CKD Chien risk | 6.1 (4.7–8.4) | 1.8 (1.4–2.3) | 10.2 (2.7–40) |
BMI, body mass index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FINRISK, a large Finnish population survey of risk factors for chronic, noncommunicable diseases; GlycA, glycoprotein acetyls; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; NFBC, Northern Finland Birth Cohort; YFS, Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study.
a
Values are median (interquartile range).
b
The number of current smokers/the total number of cohort participants.