Table 1.

Comparison of well-known fluorescence intensity spectroscopy systems.

	Haj-Hosseini et al. (2010)	Stummer et al. (2014) and Stummer (2015)	Alston et al. (2019)	Dartmouth-Toronto Team (Kim et al., 2010; Valdés et al., 2011b, 2012c)
Excitation source(s)	1 Laser Diode @ 405 nm	D-Light System (broadband)	3 LED @ 375 nm, 405 nm, 420 nm	LED @ 405 nm
Spectral resolution	3 nm	Unknown	4 nm	0.1–10 nm
Spectral bandwidth	240–850 nm	Unknown	220–1,100 nm	450–850 nm
Probe geometry	Concentric:	Concentric:	Concentric:	Linear:
	one central excitation fiber nine detection fibers	one central excitation fiber six detection fibers	one central detection fiber seven excitation fibers	array of four optical fibers
Pros	Higher sensitivity (large number of photons captured by the detection fibers) Greater uniformity of explored field		Multi spectral excitation Higher sensitivity Greater uniformity of explored field	Able to quantify fluorescence
Cons	Performs only qualitative intensity fluorescence spectroscopy			Less signal detected