| ERCP | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography |
| CE-CT | contrast-enhanced computed tomography |
| MRI | magnetic resonance imaging |
| T1WI | T1-weighted imaging |
| T2WI | T2-weighted imaging |
| DWI | diffusion-weighted imaging |
| CEUS | contrast-enhanced ultrasonography |
| ADC | apparent diffusion coefficient |
| VEGF | vascular endothelial growth factor |
| MVD | microvessel density |
| AP | arterial phase |
| PVP | portal venous phase |
| 18F-FDG PET/CT | 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography |
| CA 19-9 | carbohydrate antigen 19-9 |
| NLR | neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio |
| SBRT | stereotactic body radiotherapy |
| qRT-PCR | quantitative real-time PCR |
| DL | deep learning |
| LASSO | least absolute shrinkage and selection operator |
| RF | random forest |
| SVM | support vector machine |
| ANN | artificial neural network |
| MFF | multilayer feature fusion module |
| SRB | stationary residual block |
| CRAM | convolutional block attention module |
| LR | logistic regression |
| SGD | stochastic gradient descent |
| NN | neural network |
| t-SNE | t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding |
| ADB | AdaBoost |
| SGB | stochastic gradient boosting |
| KNN | K-nearest neighbors |
| CNN | convolutional neural network |
| MLP | multilayer perception |
| DT | decision tree |
| LSTM | long short-term model |
| GRUs | gated recurrent units |
| SNN | shared nearest neighbor |
| UMAP | uniform manifold approximation and projection |
| XGBoost | extreme gradient boosting |
| mRMR | maximum relevance minimum redundancy |
| GBM | gradient boosting machine |
| CART | classification and regression tree |
| LDA | linear discriminant analysis |
| QDA | quadratic discriminant analysis |
| PCA | principal component analysis |
| SVD | singular value decomposition |
| RNN | recurrent neural network |
| JMI | joint mutual information |
| SKB | select K best-using analysis of variance |
| PCR | principal components regression |
| BGLM | Bayesian estimation in generalized linear model |
| ICC | intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma |
| ECC | extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma |
| HCC | hepatocellular carcinoma |
| PHC | perihilar cholangiocarcinoma |
| cHCC-CCA | combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma |
| AURPC | area under the receiver operating characteristics curve |
| AUC | area under the curve |
| NPV | negative predictive value |
| PPV | positive predictive value. |