The operating procedures in lipidomics research. Typically, lipidomics research includes five parts: sample collection, lipid extraction, mass spectrometry (MS) data acquisition, data analysis, and biological interpretation. LLE: liquid-liquid extraction; MTBE: methyl tert-butyl ether; BUME: butanol and methanol; SPE: solid-phase extraction; MSI: mass spectrometry imaging. Reprinted from Refs. [51,52] with permission.