FIGURE 1.

Study design of the present investigation into the detection of postoperative recurrence using individualized circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma. (A) Summary of all processes. (B) Schedule of sample collection and diagnostic techniques. (C) Identification and detection of genes for individualized monitoring using digital PCR (dPCR). CT, computed tomography; ctDNA, circulating tumor DNA; dPCR, digital polymerase chain reaction; NGS, next generation sequencing.