TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infected patients by country.
| Variable | Overall | Spain | Russia | Italy | Slovenia | Lithuania |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients | 36,579 | 18,513 | 7476 | 4652 | 3726 | 2212 |
| Female, N (%) | 22,626 (61.9) | 11,428 (61.8) | 4696 (62.9) | 2968 (63.8) | 2244 (60.2) | 1290 (58.3) |
| Age, mean (SD) | 49.9 (15.0) | 50.2 (14.8) | 46.6 (14.9) | 51.8 (14.9) | 52.7 (14.8) | 50.2 (15.5) |
| Penicillin allergy, N (%) | 1256 (3.4) | 873 (4.7) | 123 (1.2) | 68 (1.5) | 166 (4.5) | 26 (1.2) |
| Indication* | ||||||
| Dyspepsia | 30,802 (84.3) | 15,611 (84.4) | 5704 (76.4) | 4452 (96.0) | 3252 (87.4) | 1785 (80.7) |
| Ulcer disease | 5727 (15.7) | 2886 (15.6) | 1760 (23.6) | 187 (4.0) | 467 (12.6) | 427 (19.3) |
| Treatment length, N (%)* | ||||||
| 7 days | 3138 (8.8) | 201 (1.1) | 368 (5.1) | 101 (2.5) | 1717 (47.4) | 707 (32.5) |
| 10 days | 19,079 (53.5) | 11,347 (61.6) | 2893 (39.7) | 3684 (90.4) | 247 (6.7) | 908 (41.7) |
| 14 days | 13,456 (37.7) | 6880 (37.3) | 4021 (55.2) | 289 (7.1) | 1705 (45.9) | 501 (25.8) |
| PPI dose, N (%)* | ||||||
| Low | 13,941 (39.0) | 6968 (38.1) | 2479 (34.1) | 2202 (51.6) | 1481 (40.1) | 811 (37.1) |
| Standard | 9221 (25.8) | 4381 (23.9) | 3996 (55.0) | 85 (2.0) | 91 (2.5) | 668 (30.5) |
| High | 12,562 (35.2) | 6957 (38.0) | 796 (10.9) | 1977 (46.4) | 2123 (57.5) | 709 (32.4) |
| PPIs used* | ||||||
| Omeprazole | 12, 976 (36.1) | 9889 (53.8) | 1787 (24.4) | 353 (8.2) | 77 (2.1) | 871 (39.5) |
| Lansoprazole | 821 (2.3) | 170 (0.9) | 90 (1.2) | 73 (1.7) | 475 (12.8) | 13 (0.6) |
| Pantoprazole | 5195 (14.4) | 1016 (5.5) | 1163 (15.8 | 1830 (42.3) | 951 (25.6) | 235 (10.7) |
| Esomeprazole | 13,880 (38.6) | 7172 (39.0) | 1663 (22.7) | 2012 (46.5) | 2207 (59.4) | 826 (37.5) |
| Rabeprazole | 3012 (8.3) | 101 (0.6) | 2608 (35.5) | 56 (1.3) | 1 (0.01) | 246 (11.2) |
| Other coadjuvant | 42 (0.11) | 9 (0.01) | 24 (0.3) | 2 (0.01) | 2 (0.01) | 5 (0.4) |
| Compliance, N (%)* | ||||||
| No (<90% drug intake) | 1185 (3.2) | 535 (2.9) | 195 (2.6) | 353 (7.6) | 90 (2.4) | 12 (0.5) |
| Yes (≥90% drug intake) | 32,401 (88.6) | 17,451 (94.3) | 7221 (96.6) | 4078 (87.7) | 2953 (79.3) | 698 (31.6) |
| Unknown | 2993 (8.2) | 527 (2.8) | 60 (0.8) | 221 (4.8) | 683 (18.3) | 1502 (67.9) |
| Most frequent first‐line treatments, N (%)* | ||||||
| PPI‐C + A/M | 10,402 (35.5) | 3277 (25.6) | 2473 (39.7) | 145 (4.9) | 2945 (96.8) | 1562 (92.2) |
| SEQ PPI‐C + A + M/T | 1971 (6.7) | 234 (1.8) | 22 (0.4) | 1684 (57.4) | 29 (1.0) | 2 (0.1) |
| CONC PPI‐C + A + M/T | 5965 (20.4) | 4951 (37.1) | 92 (1.5) | 301 (10.3) | 19 (0.6) | 1 (0.1) |
| PPI‐M/T + Tc + B | 5364 (18.3) | 3263 (25.5) | 28 (0.5) | 650 (22.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) |
| PPI‐C + A + B | 3027 (10.3) | 1163 (8.7) | 1800 (28.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 64 (3.7) |
| Other | 2537 (8.7) | 455 (3.4) | 1815 (29.1) | 154 (5.2) | 49 (1.6) | 64 (3.7) |
| Most frequent second‐line treatments, N (%)* | ||||||
| PPI‐L + A | 1580 (33.4) | 983 (31.8) | 51 (10.5) | 202 (36.3) | 229 (66.8) | 115 (44.6) |
| PPI‐C + A + M/T | 354 (7.5) | 240 (7.7) | 4 (0.8) | 101 (18.2) | 6 (1.7) | 3 (1.2) |
| PPI‐M/T + Tc + B | 1179 (24.9) | 832 (27.0) | 125 (25.6) | 199 (35.8) | 23 (6.7) | 0 (0.0) |
| PPI‐L + A + B | 657 (13.9) | 539 (17.4) | 43 (8.8) | 0 (4.0) | 10 (2.9) | 65 (25.2) |
| Others | 966 (20.4) | 497 (16.1) | 265 (54.3) | 54 (9.7) | 75 (21.9) | 75 (29.1) |
| First‐line of treatment with doses of PPI, N (%)* | ||||||
| Low | 11,450 (34.1) | 5533 (39.9) | 2236 (34.3) | 1586 (51.2) | 1365 (42.0) | 730 (39.5) |
| Standard | 7491 (22.3) | 3452 (24.9) | 3361 (55.3) | 43 (1.4) | 82 (2.5) | 553 (30.0) |
| High | 9413 (28.0) | 4899 (35.3) | 679 (10.4) | 1466 (47.4) | 1806 (55.5) | 563 (30.5) |
| Second‐line of treatment with doses of PPI, N (%)* | ||||||
| Low | 861 (2.6) | 1057 (33.1) | 226 (32.8) | 358 (50.4) | 98 (27.8) | 74 (25.3) |
| Standard | 1136 (3.4) | 657 (20.6) | 353 (51.2) | 24 (3.4) | 5 (1.4) | 97 (33.2) |
| High | 2292 (6.8) | 1483 (46.4) | 110 (16.0) | 329 (46.3) | 249 (70.7) | 121 (41.4) |
Note: Low dose PPI: 4.5–27 mg omeprazole equivalents, two times per day (i.e., 20 mg omeprazole equivalents, two times per day), standard dose PPI: 32–40 mg omeprazole equivalents, two times per day (i.e., 40 mg omeprazole equivalents, two times per day), high dose PPI: 54–128 mg omeprazole equivalents, two times per day (i.e., 80 mg omeprazole equivalents, two times per day). The treatments labelled as ‘other’ correspond to dual and hybrid therapy.
Abbreviations: A, amoxicillin; B, bismuth salts; C, clarithromycin; Conc, concomitant; L, levofloxacin; M, metronidazole; N, sample size; PPI, proton pump inhibitor; PPI‐M/T + Tc + B, prescribed either in the classical form or as three‐in‐one single capsule, marketed as Pylera®; Seq, sequential; T, tinidazole; Tc, tetracycline hydrochloride.
*Significant differences were observed in all the study variables with a p‐value of ≤0.0001.