Table 1.
Characteristics of Included Studies
| Characteristic | n (%) |
|---|---|
|
| |
| Study type | |
| Genome-wide association study | 6 (4) |
| Targeted association analysis | 157 (96) |
| Surgery type* | |
| Genera l/gastrointestinal | 47 (29) |
| Gynecology | 29 (18) |
| Orthopedic | 26 (16) |
| Oral/maxillofacial/dental | 23 (14) |
| Cesarean section | 20 (12) |
| Mastectomy | 19 (12) |
| Urology | 13 (8) |
| Thoracic | 12 (7) |
| Cardiac | 4 (2) |
| General/hepatobiliary | 4 (2) |
| General/endocrine | 3 (2) |
| Otolaryngology | 3 (2) |
| Neurosurgery | 2 (1) |
| Oncologic† | 2 (1) |
| Vascular | 2 (1) |
| Plastics | 1 (1) |
| Multiple types | 19 (12) |
| Time frame* | |
| 0 to 24 h | 123 (75) |
| 24 to 48 h | 44 (27) |
| 48 h to 1 week | 18 (11) |
| 1 to 2 weeks | 0 (0) |
| 2 weeks to 1 month | 0 (0) |
| 1 to 3 months | 10 (6) |
| 3 to 6 months | 20 (12) |
| 6 months to 1 yr | 14 (9) |
| > 1 yr | 5 (3) |
| Multiple time points | 54 (33) |
| < 48 h | 126 (77) |
| > 3 months | 32 (20) |
| Included patients | |
| ≤ 200 | 97 (60) |
| 201 to 400 | 35 (21) |
| 401 to 600 | 11 (7) |
| 601 to 800 | 5 (3) |
| 801 to 1,000 | 8 (5) |
| >1,000 | 7 (4) |
| Outcome type | |
| Analgesic only | 42 (26) |
| Pain score only | 65 (40) |
| Both | 56 (34) |
| Pain score modality | |
| Numeric rating scale | 49 (40) |
| Visual analog scale | 63 (52) |
| Likert scale | 2 (2) |
| Brief Pain Inventory | 2 (2) |
| DN4 questionnaire | 1 (< 1) |
| Verbal rating scale | 1 (< 1) |
| Verbal pain scale | 1 (< 1) |
| Activity Assessment Scale | 1 (< 1) |
| Analgesic used | |
| Morphine | 38 (35) |
| Fentanyl | 36 (33) |
| Sufentanil | 10 (9) |
| Oxycodone | 7 (6) |
| Tramadol | 6 (6) |
| Codeine | 3 (3) |
| Piritramide | 3 (3) |
| NSAID (any) | 2 (2) |
| Alfentanil | 1 (< 1) |
*
Percentages do not add up to 100 as some studies used multiple surgery types or time frames.
†
NOT mastectomy.
NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.