Table 1.
Baseline maternal sociodemographic and clinical characteristics between intervention and usual care groups. Data are numerator (%), unless otherwise specified
| Variable | All (n=211) |
At randomisation | Included in analysis* | ||
| Intervention (n=105) |
Usual care (n=106) |
Intervention (n=84) |
Usual care (n=95) |
||
| Age (year), mean (SD) | 33.63 (4.9) | 34.48 (5.1) | 32.79 (4.6) | 34.68 (5.1) | 32.60 (4.6) |
| Gestational age at the first GDM visit (weeks) mean (SD) | 29.0 (2.3) | 28.88 (2.3) | 29.10 (2.4) | 28.83 (2.1) | 29.13 (2.4) |
| Pre-pregnancy weight (kg) mean (SD) | 69.76 (15.5) | 69.87 (14.8) | 69.66 (16.3) | 69.15 (14.3) | 69.36 (16.5) |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) mean (SD | 25.89 (5.4) | 25.92 (5.4) | 25.86 (5.5) | 25.49 (5.2) | 25.84 (5.5) |
| BMI at the first GDM visit (kg/m2) mean (SD) | 29.68 (5.0) | 29.53 (4.8) | 29.82 (5.2) | 29.10 (4.9) | 29.77 (5.3) |
| GWG up to baseline visit (kg) mean (SD) | 10.23 (6.12) | 9.82 (6.7) | 10.64 (5.38) | 9.79 (6.28) | 10.47 (5.2) |
| Nationality or ethnic group: | |||||
| Switzerland | 62 (29) | 32 (31) | 30 (28) | 26 (31) | 29 (31) |
| Rest of Europe and North America | 83 (39) | 39 (37) | 44 (42) | 31 (37) | 38 (40) |
| Asia and Oceania | 14 (7) | 7 (7) | 7 (7) | 6 (7) | 7 (7) |
| Africa | 23 (11) | 9 (9) | 14 (13) | 7 (8) | 12 (13) |
| Latin America | 7 (3) | 5 (5) | 2 (2) | 5 (6) | 2 (2) |
| Others | 22 (10) | 13 (12) | 9 (9) | 9 (11) | 7 (7) |
| Education level†: | |||||
| Compulsory school incomplete‡ | 2 (1) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 1 (2) | 1 (1) |
| Compulsory school achieved | 23 (13) | 12 (15) | 11 (12) | 11 (17) | 10 (12) |
| High school | 19 (11) | 9 (11) | 10 (11) | 9 (14) | 7 (8) |
| General and vocational education | 42 (24) | 19 (23) | 23 (24) | 12 (19) | 21 (24) |
| University | 91 (51) | 41 (50) | 50 (53) | 31 (48) | 48 (55) |
| Parity: | |||||
| 0 | 120 (57) | 57 (54) | 63 (59) | 45 (54) | 58 (61) |
| 1 | 57 (27) | 31 (30) | 26 (25) | 26 (31) | 24 (25) |
| 2 | 18 (9) | 9 (9) | 9 (9) | 5 (6) | 7 (7) |
| ≥3 | 16 (8) | 8 (8) | 8 (8) | 8 (10) | 6 (6) |
| Gravida: | |||||
| 1 | 88 (42) | 42 (40) | 46 (43) | 35 (42) | 42 (44) |
| 2 | 50 (24) | 25 (24) | 25 (24) | 19 (23) | 23 (24) |
| ≥3 | 73 (35) | 38 (36) | 35 (33) | 30 (36) | 30 (32) |
| GDM in previous pregnancy§: | |||||
| Yes | 25 (28) | 14 (29) | 11 (26) | 9 (11) | 10 (11) |
| Family history of diabetes¶: | |||||
| Yes | 136 (65) | 63 (60) | 73 (69) | 43 (52) | 68 (70) |
| Social support during pregnancy: | |||||
| Yes | 198 (94) | 99 (94) | 99 (93) | 77 (94) | 91 (94) |
BMI=body mass index; GDM=gestational diabetes mellitus; GWG=gestational weight gain.
*Women that continued the intervention up to one year post partum and were included in the primary outcome analysis.
†23 participants in the intervention and 11 in the control had missing data on education.
‡In Switzerland, compulsory schooling lasts eleven years.
§Only for women who had at least one previous pregnancy.
¶Family history of diabetes consists of those with first degree relationship of the participant (eg, mother, father, brother, sister, daughter, and son). All values are expressed as n, % or mean (and standard deviation).