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. 2024 Feb 8;16(1):2310603. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2310603

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© 2024 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent.

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Figure 2. — (S)-ketamine ameliorated the spatial working memory impairment, BDNF reduction, but not mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in CCI mice. a: flowchart and timeline of the experiments. b: the OFT was used to examine locomotor activity (one-way ANOVA: F (2,27) = 1.970, p = 0.1590). c:PWT (Kruskal-Wallis test, H = 20.53; p < 0.0001). d: PWL (Kruskal-Wallis test, H = 19.53, p < 0.0001). e: number of arm entries in the Y-maze (one-way ANOVA: F _{(2, 27)} = 2.368, p = 0.1128). f: spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze (Kruskal-Wallis test, H = 8.309, p = 0.0157). g: BDNF levels in the hippocampus (one-way ANOVA: F _{(2, 27)} = 5.092, p = 0.0133). N = 10/group. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p <.001. PWT, paw withdrawal threshold; PWL, paw withdrawal latency; OFT, open field test.