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. 2024 Feb 8;16(1):2310603. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2310603

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© 2024 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent.

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Figure 3. — Composition of gut microbiota and LEfSe analysis. a: Alpha-diversity index of Shannon index (Kruskal-Wallis test, H = 2.511, p = 0.284975). b: Alpha-diversity index of Observed_OTUs (Kruskal-Wallis test, H = 0.4203, p = 0.8105). c: Alpha-diversity index of Chao1 (Kruskal-Wallis test, H = 0.4206, p = 0.8103). d: Principal component analysis (PCA) of beta diversity based on OTU levels (ANOSIM, R = 0.2525, p = 0.001). e: Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) plot based on unweighted UniFrac distance (ANOSIM, R = 0.1724, p = 0.001). f: Cladogram (LDA score > 3.5, p < 0.05) showing the taxonomic distribution difference among the sham + saline, CCI + saline, and CCI + (S)-ketamine groups, indicating a different color region. The inner-outer radiating circles represent taxonomic levels from phylum to genus. g: histograms of the different abundant taxa based on the cutoff value of LDA score (log₁₀) > 3.5 and p < 0.05, among the three groups; the statistical results are shown in table S1. N = 10/group. LDA, linear discriminant analysis; p, phylum; c, class; o, order; f, family; g, genus; s, species.